Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on a substrate, a spacer adjacent to the MTJ, a liner adjacent to the spacer, and a first metal interconnection on the MTJ. Preferably, the first metal interconnection includes protrusions adjacent to two sides of the MTJ and a bottom surface of the protrusions contact the liner directly.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on a substrate, a first spacer on one side of the of the MTJ, a second spacer on another side of the MTJ, a first metal interconnection on the MTJ, and a liner adjacent to the first spacer, the second spacer, and the first metal interconnection. Preferably, each of a top surface of the MTJ and a bottom surface of the first metal interconnection includes a planar surface and two sidewalls of the first metal interconnection are aligned with two sidewalls of the MTJ.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on a substrate, a first spacer on one side of the of the MTJ, a second spacer on another side of the MTJ, a first metal interconnection on the MTJ, and a liner adjacent to the first spacer, the second spacer, and the first metal interconnection. Preferably, each of a top surface of the MTJ and a bottom surface of the first metal interconnection includes a planar surface and two sidewalls of the first metal interconnection are aligned with two sidewalls of the MTJ.

Abstract: A keyboard with keycode page switching ability has at least one page switch key. The page switch key is operated to select one keycode page for the keyboard. A driver program of a computer connected to the keyboard will send a switching command to switch a keycode page for the keyboard after the page switch key is pressed. Therefore, user can select keycode page for the keyboard to expand the function of the keyboard.

Abstract: A driving method for Internet radio hot key is described. The Internet radio function is incorporated as a hot key built into a conventional keyboard of a computer. A keyboard-driving program is installed in the operating system in a computer and used to monitor a key code generated when the hot key is pressed. A radio program is then launched to retrieve an audio stream from a Internet radio station, as pressing the hot key is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Abstract: A controlling apparatus for programming extended code of keyboard and a method for the same. The keyboard receives an extended code processing command and judges the extended code processing command to be used for enabling a second key code or disabling a second key code of the key. The keyboard also receives key code setting parameters. The keyboard has a mode selection key to toggle the keyboard between a standard key code mode and an extended key code mode. Therefore, all keys on the keyboard can be assigned with new extended code or disabled for the new extended code to broaden the function thereof.

Abstract: A method for transceiving non-USB peripheral device by an adapter and the adapter providing adaptation to an USB interface for the non-USB peripheral device, is disclosed. The adapter can read a capability report from the peripheral device and then converts the capability report to an USB-related report for facilitating accessing of the peripheral device. The adapter utilizes control commands and parameter set pre-defined by the adapter and the peripheral device to successfully access the peripheral device. The peripheral device has vendor identification (VID) and product identification (PID) and the controller transceives or detects the peripheral device with reference to the information of VID and PID.

Abstract: An apparatus for inputting special character and a method for the same are proposed. The keyboard using the inventive apparatus and method has hot keys assigned with ASCII codes corresponding to special characters to be input. By holding an ALT key and then pressing the hot key, the scan code corresponding to the ASCII codes is sent to input the special character. The inventive apparatus and method can be applicable to various operation systems.

Abstract: An input apparatus includes a profile key, a hot key, and a key for selectively inputting a character and a computer-game operating action. The profile key corresponds to a default profile including an extension code for the key to input the computer-game operating action. The hot key is configured to selectively switch the key to input the character and the computer-game operating action. When the profile key is actuated and the hot key is at a first status, the input apparatus outputs the extension code so that the key inputs the computer-game operating action. When the hot key is at a second status, the input apparatus outputs a standard key code so that the key inputs the character. A method of configuring the key as a hot key of a computer game is also provided.

Abstract: A sand bag structure includes a main body including two sides and a bottom integrally combined with each other. Thus, the two sides and the bottom of the main body are integrally combined with each other, and each of the two sides and the bottom of the main body has a determined width and thickness so as to enhance the support effect of the sand bag structure, thereby preventing the sand bag structure from being broken when containing the sand.

Abstract: A method for transceiving non-USB peripheral device by an adapter and the adapter providing adaptation to an USB interface for the non-USB peripheral device, is disclosed. The adapter can read a capability report from the peripheral device and then converts the capability report to an USB-related report for facilitating accessing of the peripheral device. The adapter utilizes control commands and parameter set pre-defined by the adapter and the peripheral device to successfully access the peripheral device. The peripheral device has vendor identification (VID) and product identification (PID) and the controller transceives or detects the peripheral device with reference to the information of VID and PID.

Abstract: An input apparatus includes a profile key, a hot key, and a key for selectively inputting a character and a computer-game operating action. The profile key corresponds to a default profile including an extension code for the key to input the computer-game operating action. The hot key is configured to selectively switch the key to input the character and the computer-game operating action. When the profile key is actuated and the hot key is at a first status, the input apparatus outputs the extension code so that the key inputs the computer-game operating action. When the hot key is at a second status, the input apparatus outputs a standard key code so that the key inputs the character. A method of configuring the key as a hot key of a computer game is also provided.

Abstract: A keyboard with keycode page switching ability has at least one page switch key. The page switch key is operated to select one keycode page for the keyboard. A driver program of a computer connected to the keyboard will send a switching command to switch a keycode page for the keyboard after the page switch key is pressed. Therefore, user can select keycode page for the keyboard to expand the function of the keyboard.

Abstract: An apparatus for inputting opening and closing parentheses simultaneously by a single keystroke and method for the same are proposed. The keyboard is augmented with a parenthesis key. The opening and closing parentheses are simultaneously input by pressing the parenthesis key, wherein the key codes for opening parenthesis, closing parenthesis and cursor right are successively generated. Therefore, opening and closing parentheses are simultaneously input and cursor is placed between the opening and closing parentheses to facilitate typing.

Abstract: An apparatus for inputting opening and closing parentheses simultaneously by a single keystroke and method for the same are proposed. The keyboard is augmented with a parenthesis key. The opening and closing parentheses are simultaneously input by pressing the parenthesis key, wherein the key codes for opening parenthesis, closing parenthesis and cursor right are successively generated. Therefore, opening and closing parentheses are simultaneously input and cursor is placed between the opening and closing parentheses to facilitate typing.

Abstract: An apparatus for inputting special character and a method for the same are proposed. The keyboard using the inventive apparatus and method has extra keys assigned with ASCII codes corresponding to special characters to be input. By holding an ALT key and then pressing the extra key, the scan code corresponding to the ASCII codes are sent to input the special character. The inventive apparatus and method can be applicable to various operation systems.

Abstract: A controlling apparatus for programming extended code of keyboard and a method for the same. The keyboard receives an extended code processing command and judges the extended code processing command to be used for enabling a second key code or disabling a second key code of the key. The keyboard also receives key code setting parameters. The keyboard has a mode selection key to toggle the keyboard between a standard key code mode and an extended key code mode. Therefore, all keys on the keyboard can be assigned with new extended code or disabled for the new extended code to broaden the function thereof.