Abstract: A self-optimizing method and machine automatically develop computer software in real-time according a specified performance by computer-generating a knowledge base associated with the computer software, by instantly computer-coding the computer-generated knowledge base into the computer software, and by saving the developed computer software in a software storage device.

Abstract: Methods of making improved electronic systems and circuits boards, and more specifically to methods of making improved electronic systems and circuits boards using heat-resistant composite materials.

Abstract: A method of making an improved composite containing substantially non-segregating solid reinforcing elements therein is disclosed. New composites and non-segregating solid reinforcing elements for these composites are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of coating a substrate with particles of a ceramic selected from the group consisting of diamond, carbon, graphite, and graphite or carbon-carbon composite, comprising: providing the substrate and at least one of the ceramic particles; selecting at least a carbide forming substance consisting principally of an element which is other than Ni, Cr, and Co and is capable of forming a carbide to provide a coating material; applying said coating material onto at, least one component of the substrate and the at least one ceramic particle; placing the at least one ceramic particle on the substrate; and heating the product of step (D) at a temperature sufficient to form a liquid-diffusion formed, carbide coating on the at least one ceramic particle. The ceramic particles are then coated with strong, adherent, microscopically substantially defect-free, and thermomechanically shock resistant metallized layers which are capable of practical uses over 630.degree. C.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device comprising: a body of a semiconductor material having an upper surface and a bottom major surface; wall means defining in said semiconductor material body a microscopically precise depression or groove of a selected shape and size and extending for a selected length or depth from a selected position on said upper surface toward without reaching said bottom major surface; and a material chemically different from said semiconductor material and introduced into said semiconductor material through ?a selected portion of an exposed wall of! said groove to modify, in a predetermined manner, a selected electronic property of said semiconductor material the vicinity of said exposed wall.

Abstract: A method for automatically developing new and improved software according to a prespecified performance criterion comprising: automatically planning experiment on selected control variables related to the software; executing the planned experiment; analyzing the experimental results to compare the performance characteristics of the various combinations of the selected control variables in order to determine that combination which improves or optimizes the prespecified optimizing criterion; coding the thus-determined combination in computer-usable form; and saving the coded computer software onto a software storage device. A machine which automatically develops new, self-optimized software according to this method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of coating and bonding a substrate with particles of a ceramic selected from the group consisting of diamond, carbon, graphite, and graphite or carbon-carbon composite, comprising: providing the substrate and at least one of the ceramic particles; selecting at least a carbide-forming substance consisting principally of an element which is other than Ni, Cr, and Co and is capable of forming a carbide to provide a coating material; applying said coating material onto at least one component of the substrate and the at least one ceramic particle; placing the at least one ceramic particle on the substrate; and heating the product of step (D) at a temperature sufficient to form a liquid-diffusion formed, carbide coating on the at least one ceramic particle. The ceramic particles are then coated with strong, adherent, substantially defect-free, and thermomechanically shock resistant metallized layers which are capable of practical uses over 630.degree. C.

Abstract: A cleaning system for removing undesirable material from an outer surface of a critical or sensitive element relatively moving in a fluid comprises a tubular duct for the flow of the fluid medium and having an entrance end an exit end. The entrance end is oriented generally in the opposite direction of the relatively moving fluid to receive the fluid medium. The tubular duct narrows down in cross-sectional area to define a Venturi section at the exit end thereby substantially increasing the exit fluid flow velocity. The exit end is placed adjacent to and generally directed toward the outer surface causing the high-velocity exit fluid stream to remove the undesirable materials through the momentum thereof.

Abstract: A method for coating a ceramic with a strong, adherent, substantially defect-free, and thermomechanically shock resistant metallized layer for practical use at over 630.degree. C. comprising selecting a ceramic metallizing composition; preparing the composition by proportioning the differing sizes of the mixed ingredients to have gravitationally substantially nonsegregating qualities when applied onto said ceramic; coating the ceramic with the metallizing composition; heating the coated ceramic surface to achieve ceramic metallization; and keeping the composition molten sufficiently long time to form the required metallized layer.

Abstract: A method for forming metallized coatings on ceramics for high-temperature uses above about 630.degree. C. comprising the steps of: preparing a metallizing composition of mixed ingredients of differing sizes, proportioning the differing sizes to have nonsegregating qualities when applied onto the ceramics, coating the metallizing composition on the ceramics and heating to form the desired metallized layers.

Abstract: A method for reproducibly making a structural joint between a metal and a ceramic for practical uses above 600.degree. C. comprises uniformly metallizing the ceramic and increasing the ratio of the ceramic material strength to the dynamic and static mismatch stresses due to differential thermal expansions so that these mismatch stresses do not exceed the ceramic material strength at any point and time thereby preventing bond failures.

Abstract: A method of making a dielectric isolation integrated circuit structure in which dielectric material grooves formed by ion implantation extend down into the structure and intersect a PN junction or other active region at intersection lines such that each intersection line is within microns both laterally from the center of the groove and vertically from the bottom of the groove and the grooves continuously curve at least at the intersection lines at a radius of curvature less than 1 cm.

Abstract: A method of automatically generating new knowledge bases comprising:automatically planning satistically designed experiment on selected control variables;executing the designed experiment;analyzing the experimental results to acquire knowledge bases; andcoding the thus-acquired knowledge bases in computer-usable form.

Abstract: A method for forming metallized coatings on ceramics for high-temperature uses above about 630.degree. C. comprising the steps of: preparing a metallizing composition of mixed ingredients of differing sizes, proportioning the differing sizes to have nonsegregating qualities when applied onto the ceramics, coating the metallizing composition on the ceramics; and heating to form the desired metallized layer.

Abstract: The method for making an improved, surface-passivated and electrically isolated silicon device (including integrated circuit) comprises providing in a silicon wafer with a pn junction or other electronic rectifying barrier; and thermally oxidizing or ion-implanting oxygen or nitrogen into selected silicon surface regions to form electrically isolating grooves. The grooves have symmetrical, centrally rounded bottoms which are located within a few microns below the pn junction or rectifying barrier. Through these unique oxide/nitride forming conditions and curvature, symmetry, and proximity effects, novel passivation and isolation results obtain.

Abstract: An integrated circuit structure is made up of laterally spaced islands separated from each other by closed annular grooves of an electrically isolating matter which can be either ambient air or vacuum, or an oxide formed from the adjacent semiconductor material.

Abstract: A method for self-optimizing an object relative to a specific criterion or activity in response to variations on a prescribed number m of variables, comprising: computer-planning a set of n statistically designed, fractionally factorial tests for testing the m variables; performing the n tests on the very object in actual operation; determining from the n tests the combination of the m variables which optimizes the specific criterion or activity during the actual operation; setting the conditions of the m variables at the thus-determined optimal combination before the combination significantly changes; repeating or recycling the self-planning, performing, determining, and setting steps; and during each optimizing cycle employing the optimal combination as the experimental point in the immediately following recycle. A machine which self-optimizes according to this method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for improving the reliability of a ceramic-metal joint by reducing the dynamic mismatch stresses and strains on the ceramic due to the mismatch in thermal expansions of the two materials. This is done by bonding with a metal layer the ceramic to metal to form a bonding interfacial region between the ceramic and metal; and radially grading the interface region the thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, or tensile strength of the metal layer. An article in the form of a laterally graded, metallic bonding disc for overcoming problems of dynamic mismatch stresses and strains is also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: The invention relates to method for self-optimizing, with closed-loop feed-back control but without human interaction, an object relative to a specific criterion or activity during the operation of said object and in response to variations on a prescribed number m of variables, comprising: planning without human control, guidance, supervision, and intervention a statistical design matrix for testing said m variables in n tests; according to the design matrix performing said n designed tests on said very object in actual operation; determining the instantaneous combination of said m variables which optimizes said specific criterion or activity during said actual operation; setting the conditions of said m variables at the thus-determined optimal combination before the combination significantly changes; and feeding back information on the status of optimization to achieve closed-loop feed-back control.

Abstract: A method of making an integrated electrooptic solid state device array comprising forming a structure having a multiplicity of active, solid state electrooptic component bodies in a solid state device material, including arranging the component bodies in a geometrical pattern and forming the component bodies to a prespecified size of less than 15 microns each and to an accuracy to within a fraction of a micron, and providing at least one electronic rectifying barrier at each of the component bodies for the operation of each component body as an active solid state electrooptic component.