Abstract: A circuit arrangement (1) for generating a reference voltage (Uref) for the power supply (2) of an LED arrangement (LED), wherein the power supply supplies a feed current (IS) to the LED arrangement on the basis of an input voltage (UB), which current is determined by the magnitude of the reference voltage, wherein the circuit arrangement comprises: a first voltage divider (R1/R2), located on a constant power supply voltage (UV), a second voltage divider (R3/R4), located on the input voltage (UB) of the power supply (2), and a third voltage divider (R5/R6) which consists of an ohmic resistor (R5) and a temperature-dependent resistor (R6) thermally coupled to the LED arrangement, a voltage proportional to the voltage on the centre connection of the second voltage divider (R3/R4) is supplied via a first diode (D1) to the centre connection of the first voltage divider (R1/R2), a voltage proportional to the voltage on the centre connection of the third voltage divider (R5/R6) is further supplied via a second diod

Abstract: A circuit arrangement (1) for generating a reference voltage (Uref) for the power supply (2) of an LED arrangement (LED), wherein the power supply supplies a feed current (Is) to the LED arrangement on the basis of an input voltage (UB), which current is determined by the magnitude of the reference voltage, wherein the circuit arrangement comprises: a first voltage divider (R1/R2), located on a constant power supply voltage (Uv), a second voltage divider (R3/R4), located on the input voltage (UB) of the power supply (2), and a third voltage divider (R5/R6) which consists of an ohmic resistor (R5) and a temperature-dependent resistor (R6) thermally coupled to the LED arrangement, a voltage proportional to the voltage on the centre connection of the second voltage divider (R3/R4) is supplied via a first diode (D1) to the centre connection of the first voltage divider (R1/R2), a voltage proportional to the voltage on the centre connection of the third voltage divider (R5/R6) is further supplied via a second diod

Abstract: A motor vehicle lighting device comprising at least one branch of semiconductor light sources including two or more light source units connected in series is disclosed herein. A MOSFET switch bridging the individual light source units is assigned to the light source units. The at least one branch is fed from the output voltage of a DC/DC converter with respect to ground. An activation circuit is assigned to the MOSFET switch for activating the MOSFET switch, which is a p-channel MOSFET. A rectifier circuit is assigned to the DC/DC converter. The input of the rectifier circuit is connected to a pole of a storage inductor of the converter, at which negative voltage pulses occur with respect to ground. The rectifier circuit is designed to rectify the negative pulses and to provide the resulting negative DC voltage of the activation circuit for switching the MOSFET switch.

Abstract: A motor vehicle lighting device, comprising at least one branch (1) of semiconductor light sources which includes two or more light source units (LED1 to LED4) connected in series, wherein a MOSFET switch (2-1 to 2-4) bridging the individual light source units is assigned to these, the at least one branch is fed from the output voltage (UA) of a DC/DC converter (3) with respect to ground, wherein an activation circuit (4-1 to 4-4) is assigned to each MOSFET switch for activating the same, wherein each MOSFET switch (2-1 to 2-4) is a p-channel MOSFET, a rectifier circuit (5) is assigned to the DC/DC converter (3), the input of the rectifier circuit being connected to a pole of a storage inductor (L2) of the converter, at which negative voltage pulses occur with respect ground, and the rectifier circuit (5) is designed to rectify the negative pulses and to provide the resulting negative DC voltage (US) of the activation circuit (4-1 to 4-4) for switching the respective MOSFET.

Abstract: There is described a low-foaming, nonsilicone, aqueous textile auxiliary composition comprising(a) a homopolymer of an ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic or carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof,(b) a nonionic surfactant of formula ##STR1## wherein R is an aliphatic radical of at least 8 carbon atoms,R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, a cycloaliphatic radical of at least 5 carbon atoms, styryl, an unsubstituted or halogen substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkylisocyanato or an unsubstituted or by a hetero atom substituted cycloalkylisocyanato or cycloalkenylisocyanato radical,"alkylene" denotes an alkylene radical of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, andp is an integer from 2 to 60, and optionally(c) a hydrotropic agent.The textile auxiliary composition is suitable for use as dispersants and for wetting, washing and/or bleaching fiber materials.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for washing-off prints or dyeings produced with dyes on cellulosic textile materials, which comprises treating the printed or dyed fabrics in an aqueous wash liquor with a washing-off formulation comprising(a) a polyvinyl pyrrolidone homopolymer or copolymer, and(b) a water softener.The inventive process makes it possible to remove unfixed dye from the fibre material completely and thus to enhance the fastness properties of the dyeings.

Abstract: An aqueous, storable wetting agent which is low-foaming in application and contains a nonionic surfactant selected from the group of the partially end group blocked alkoxylated fatty alcohols is described, which contains(a) 10 to 80% by weight of a nonionic surfactant of the general formula ##STR1## in which R is an aliphatic radical of at least 8 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -to C.sub.8 alkyl, a cycloaliphatic radical of at least 5 carbons atoms, phenyl(lower)alkyl or styryl, "alkylene" is an alkylene radical of 2 to 4 carbon atoms and p is a number from 2 to 24 and(b) 1 to 10% by weight of a hydrotropic agent.The novel wetting agent is used in the treatment of textiles, in particular in the pre-treatment.

Abstract: There are disclosed low foaming, nonsilicone aqueous textile auxiliary compositions comprising(a) a reaction product of a nonionic surfactant of formula ##STR1## wherein R is an aliphatic radical of at least 8 carbon atoms,R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, a cycloaliphatic radical of at least 5 carbon atoms, lower alkylphenyl or styryl,"alkylene" denotes an alkylene radical of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and p is an integer from 2 to 60,with a compound which contains an acid water-solubilising group,(b) a nonionic surfactant of formula (1), and, optionally,(c) a hydrotropic agent.These textile auxiliary compositions are suitable for use as dispersants and for wetting and/or washing fibre materials.

Abstract: There are disclosed compositions for wetting hydrophobic capillary materials, which compositions contain, in addition to a water-soluble anionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactant or a mixture thereof, an amphiphilic, phosphorus-free organic compound which is very slightly soluble in water, has a melting point below 4.degree. C., and a boiling point above 200.degree. C.

Abstract: Alkali-resistant foam suppressant which is free from silicone oil, containing(a) a homopolymer of an aliphatic C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkyl ester of (meth)-acrylic acid or a copolymer of this alkyl ester with a di-C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkyl ester of an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid,(b) an anionic or nonionic emulsifier and(c) an apolar solvent,its preparation and its use for suppressing foam in aqueous systems.

Abstract: Aqueous, hard water-resistant wetting agent and detergent compositions comprising (a) a mixture of monomeric and oligomeric phosphoric acid esters, (b) a water-soluble or water-dispersible copolymer, (c) a nonionic surfactant, (d) an alkali metal hydroxide and optionally (e) an antifoam. These compositions can be used as wetting agents and detergents in textile pretreatment.

Abstract: Antifoams are described which contain p0 (1) an alkaline earth metal salt of a C.sub.10 -C.sub.24 -fatty acid,(2) a dialkyl ester of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid,(3) a mineral oil,(4) a non-ionic emulsifier,(5) an anionic emulsifier and(6) an alkylenediamide,as well as liquid formulations containing such antifoams and their use in a defoaming method for aqueous systems.

Abstract: Aqueous textile assistants of high storage stability and hard water resistance comprising at least (a) a partial phosphoric ester, (b) a nonionic surfactant, (c) an anionic surfactant and (d) an alkali metal hydroxide. They can be used for wetting and deaerating fibre materials.

Abstract: A novel aqueous composition comprising(a) a mixture of monomeric and oligomeric compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y.sub.1 is hydrogen or --CO--T.sub.1, R.sub.1, X.sub.1 and T.sub.1 are each independently C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and m.sub.1 is an integer from 1 to 17,(b) a polyhydroxy compound,(c) an alkali metal silicate,(d) an alkali metal hydroxide,(e) a magnesium salt and(f) an alkali metal salt of an alkyldisulfonic, aryldisulfonic or alkaryldisulfonic acid.The composition is storage stable and is particularly suitable for use as bleaching activator and bleaching stabilizer for the pretreatment of cellulosic fibre materials with a bleaching liquor that contains a per compound.

Abstract: A novel aqueous composition which comprises(a) an aminopoly(alkylenephosphonic acid), an alkanepolyphosphonic acid and/or an alkali metal salt of a polyaminocarboxylic acid,(b) a polyhydroxy compound,(c) an alkali metal silicate,(d) an alkali metal hydroxide,(e) a magnesium salt, and(f) an alkali metal salt of an alkyldisulfonic acid, aryldisulfonic acid or alkaryldisulfonic acid as anionic dispersant.The composition is storage stable and is particularly suitable for use as bleaching activator and bleaching stabilizer for the pretreatment of cellulosic fibre materials with a bleaching liquor that contains a per compound.

Abstract: Water-soluble or water-dispersible graft polymers comprising at least 20% by weight, based on said graft polymer, of a hydrophilic graft constituent bonded to a carbon atom and at least one hydrophobic radical which is bonded to the graft constituent via a polyglycol ether chain, the polyglycol ether chain containing 2 to 200 ##STR1## groups. These graft polymers can be used individually, as mixtures or in combination with other active substances as, for example, antifoams, antistatic agents, builders, emulsifiers, padding assistants, wetting agents, paper deaerators, sludge dewatering assistants, textile assistants, greying inhibitors or detergents.

Abstract: Aqueous compositions which contain a hydrolysed polymaleic anhydride, a complexing agent and a mixture of nonionic and anionic surfactants are suitable for use as assistants in the opening up of cellulose-containing fibre materials.

Abstract: Magnesium complexes of oligomeric phosphonic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## in which Y.sub.1 is hydrogen or --COT.sub.1, R.sub.1, Q.sub.1 and T.sub.1 are alkyl and n.sub.1 is 1 to 16, are particularly suitable, in combination with polyhydroxy compounds, for use as stabilizers in alkaline, peroxide-containing bleach liquors for bleaching fibrous material made of or containing cellulose.

Abstract: A wetting agent, in particular for mercerizing cotton and cotton blend fabrics, which contains(a) sulfates of a fatty alcohol having 6 to 18 carbon atoms,(b) phosphates of a monoalcohol having 4 to 12 carbon atoms,(c) alcohols having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or condensation products thereof with paraformaldehyde,(d) a hydrotropic solubilizing agent and optionally(e) an adduct of an organopolysiloxane and ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and/or(f) a complexing agent.The wetting agents are distinguished by great wetting power and low foaming, not only in the course of the mercerization but also in the recovery of liquor from mercerizing washing baths.

Abstract: Novel phosphonic acid salts produced from ethane- or methanephosphonic acid, dicyandiamide and/or guanidine and optionally ammonia and corresponding to the formula ##STR1## wherein n, p, q, t and y are each 1 or 2, are particularly suitable for fireproofing organic fibre materials. Synthetic and/or cellulose-containing fibre materials are treated with an aqueous solution of the phosphonic acid salts and are then dried preferably at 60.degree. to 200.degree. C. The applied phosphonic acid salts impair only negligibly the textile-mechanical properties of the treated fibre materials, especially of the cellulose-containing fibre materials dried at 120.degree. to 150.degree. C.