Abstract: A device for firing energetic materials (14) such as pyrotechnics or explosives, including a firing composition (12) for the energetic materials (14) and an UV-radiation source (16) for irradiating the firing composition (12), wherein the UV-radiation source (16) possesses a piezo-luminescence element (18) in order to provide a current-less and electromagnetically interference-secure firing device.

Abstract: A pyrotechnic active material for producing IR-radiation is proposed. An active material according to the invention contains fuel (preferably magnesium) which combines with fluorine in a strongly exergonic reaction (for example Li, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zr, Hf, B, Al and alloys thereof) and poly-(carbon monofluoride) ((—CFx—)n) (x=0.6-1.2) as an oxidation agent. Compositions according to the invention further contain VITON® as a polymeric binding agent and graphite for reduction of the electrostatic sensitivity. A process for producing those compositions is also provided.

Abstract: A pyrotechnic active material for producing IR-radiation is proposed. An active material according to the invention contains fuel (preferably magnesium) which combines with fluorine in a strongly exergonic reaction (for example Li, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zr, Hf, B, Al and alloys thereof) and poly-(carbon monofluoride) ((—CFx—)n) (x=0.6−1.2) as an oxidation agent. Compositions according to the invention further contain VITON® as a polymeric binding agent and graphite for reduction of the electrostatic sensitivity. A process for producing those compositions is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pyrotechnic active mass which is impenetrable in the visible spectrum, highly emissive in the infrared spectrum and used for camouflage and decoy purposes. As principal ingredients said mass contains red phosphorus and an alkali metal nitrate or mixture of alkali metal nitrates and as secondary ingredients at least one transition metal or a metal-rich compound or alloy thereof, at least one metalloid and a binder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pyrotechnic smoke screen unit for producing an aerosol which is impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimetric wave range and used for camouflage and decoy purposes. The units are obtained by combining fibre-like conductive dipoles or dipole precursors which become conductive in situ and conventional pyrotechnic smoke substances active in the visible and infrared range.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing a screening smoke which is one-way transparent in the infrared spectrum (780 nm-14.0 &mgr;m) and opaque in the visible spectrum. According to the invention a known pyrotechnic screening smoke which is highly absorbent in the visible spectrum (380 nm-780 nm) is generated in the form of an aerosol, pyrotechnic scattered particles between 10 and 100 &mgr;m in size are simultaneously produced in said aerosol, and the resulting two-component smoke is irradiated by an infrared radiation source (spectrum: 780 nm-14.0 &mgr;m) from the smoke producer side.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electronically and mechanically-operated ignition delay which is used in cartridge-type pyrotechnic decoy flare ammunition. Said ignition delay comprises a cylindrical sleeve (10), containing an ignition device (1) in the base, a propellant (2) for expelling the inflammable active material (8) and devices (9) for delaying the ignition of the active material. The electric ignition device of the propellant charge is galvanically connected to a capacitor element (3) which is fixed in the propulsion reflector (4). Said capacitor element is galvanically connected to a mechanical switch-on element (7) in the active material, whereby said mechanical switch-on element is, in turn, galvanically connected to an electric ignition unit in the active material. The switch-on process is thus triggered by the relative movement of the active material as it travels along the sleeve axis away from the propulsion reflector.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement for a film type anemometer which includes a carrier plate; a precision resistor; a planar, elongated heating resistor supplied with an adjustable power supply; and a retaining device. The operational temperature of the heating resistor is increased by a fixed predetermined differential amount versus the temperature determined by the precision resistor. The heating resistor has at least one resistive layer disposed on a substrate. The heating resistor is attached in a bridge-like fashion in a recess of the carrier plate. The retaining device has a low heat transfer and has two opposite attachment areas which retain respective ends of the heating resistor. Each of the attachment areas being directed towards respective ends of the heating resistor and each attachment area having at least a bearing surface, a lateral peripheral surface and a longitudinal peripheral surface which extends in the longitudinal direction of the heating resistor for receiving an end area of the heating resistor.

Abstract: The device is used for treating engine and heating fuels obtained from mineral oil or plants. It has a heating device (3) for heating the liquid engine or heating fuel and a reactor (1) containing at least one reactor element (4) which consists at least partially of a tin alloy on the surface. This tin alloy contains 0.2 to 20 weight-% of copper as the alloy element with the greatest proportion by weight added to the tin. The reactor element consists of a plurality of loose or connected granules of a transverse dimension of at most 5 mm.

Abstract: In order to obtain a rapid response of resistor elements having a hot film in a sensor carrier of a hot film anemometer, the resistor elements are inserted into a drawer-like recess at one end of the sensor carrier. The resistor elements rest with one end on a three point contact and are held fast on the three point contact through tension by means of contact springs in the connection area of contact clamps. Heat transfer which is detrimental to exact measurements can be avoided by means of the three point contact.

Abstract: Transport carts without internal drive which are bound to rails are moved in a returning system on a transport line from a common main drive. In the end area of the transport line, a secondary drive system is provided so that the transport carts are transferrable along a vertical curve into an inverted position onto a return line which is disposed parallel beneath the transport line and is provided with a second main drive system.

Abstract: Transport carts without internal drive which are bound to rails are moved in a returning system on a transport line from a common main drive. In the end area of the transport line, a secondary drive system is provided so that the transport carts are transferrable along a vertical curve into an inverted position onto a return line which is disposed parallel beneath the transport line and is provided with a second main drive system.

Abstract: An apparatus for purifying exhaust flue gases includes a reaction vessel having a lower crude flue gas inlet and an upper purified flue gas outlet. A reaction chamber, disposed inbetween the inlet and outlet is fillable with solid bodies capable of carrying a desulfurizing agent. A screw conveyor passes through the reaction chamber and has a top inlet end for introducing the solid bodies into the reaction chamber. A bottom vessel outlet end is provided for discharging reacted desulfurizing agent from the vessel. A process for purifying exhaust gas includes passing a migrating layer of solid bodies carrying a desulfurizing agent countercurrently to a flow of exhaust gas in a cleaning vessel.

Abstract: There is provided a method and apparatus which produces a particularly high-quality fresh air atmosphere in large industrial plant buildings, the high-quality atmosphere being provided to the lower two meters of height with simultaneous heat recovery from the exhaust air and exhaust air purification. The apparatus includes a feed air tower which, as a component built in series, eliminates many of the costly ventilation ducts, reduces fuel costs to a low level, and prevents remixing with poor air from the upper layers of the air in the plant.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the nitric oxide-free reaction of liquid and gaseous fuels with heat in heat generators in a plurality of stages. The reaction is carried out in four successive stages, permitting the combustion of a portion of the fuel with a portion of the combustion air in a cooled annular chamber with a stoichiometric or overstoichiometric ratio. The remaining amount of fuel is mixed in a mixing unit connected downstream. The resulting mixture is catalytically reacted to fission or fuel gas with downstream cooling of the fission gas in a heat exchanger. The fission gas so formed is burned in one part of the cooled annular chamber of the second stage. On mixing of the burned combustion gas with the remainder of the fission gas in the catalyst, downstream cooling of the slightly overstoichiometric flue gas so formed is carried out in a heat exchanger.

Abstract: The generation of heat from the fossil fuels coal, oil and gas is possible nearly free from nitric oxide if the materials are burned in a multi-stage combustion process. The fuel, which, in some cases, contains ash, is admixed with highly heated air and steam and reacted to fuel gas in a ceramically fully lined melting chamber. The resulting fuel gas is cooled for the preheating of the air and steam generation, purified from solids and hydrogen sulfide, and fed into a flameless catalytic or noncatalytic combustion stage. In the combustion stage, because of the low caloric value of the admitted gas, only a temperature clearly below 1300.degree. C. is reached in the ceramic combustion unit, so that the combustion takes place nearly free from nitric oxide.

Abstract: A catalyst for the reaction of hydrocarbons and gases and for the reduction of nitric oxides, includes the active substance thorium oxide in addition to LaCoO.sub.3. The catalyst has as the wash coat oxide-ceramic materials and spinels of the oxides of magnesium, aluminum, titanium and zirconium, with an addition of cerium oxide and lanthanum oxide, and preformed and acid-solubilized LaCoO.sub.3 as the active substance. The catalyst is formed without the active substance LaCoO.sub.3 for use as a high-temperature combustion catalyst. A process and apparatus is set forth for the application of the catalyst for after-burning of exhaust gases from diesel engines, with catalyst filler layers eccentrically disposed with respect to each other for the adsorption of soot particles, and with a catalyst honeycomb for after-burning and nitric oxide-reduction. The after-burning device is suitable also as a muffler.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the conversion of gases and higher hydrocarbons, which comprises an active metal coating containing lanthanum and cobalt as active metal components on a porous oxidic support substance, wherein the coating is formed by impregnating the support substance with a solution of thermally easily decomposable lanthanum and cobalt salts and subsequently baking, whereby the metal coating contains 1 part cobalt and 1-3 parts, preferably 2 parts, lanthanum, as well as 2 to 20 weight percent of cerium based on the sum of these materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the conversion of gases and higher hydrocarbons, which comprises with an active metal coating containing lanthanum and cobalt as active metal components on a porous oxidic support substance, wherein the coating is formed by impregnating the support substance with a solution of thermally easily decomposable lanthanum and cobalt salts and subsequently baking, whereby the metal coating contains 1 part cobalt and 1-3 parts, preferably 2 parts, lanthanum, as well as 2 to 20 weight percent of cerium based on the sum of these materials.