Abstract: A copper-ceramic composite: includes a ceramic substrate containing alumina and a copper or copper alloy coating on the ceramic substrate. The alumina has a mean grain shape factor Ra(Al2O3), defined as the arithmetic mean of the shape factors R of the alumina grains, of at least 0.4.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copper-ceramic composite, comprising a ceramic substrate, which contains aluminum oxide, a coating on the ceramic substrate made of copper or a copper alloy, wherein the aluminum oxide has an average grain form factor Ra(Al2O3), determined as an arithmetic average value from the form factors of the grains of the aluminum oxide, the copper or the copper alloy has an average grain form factor Ra(Cu), determined as an arithmetic average of the form factors of the grains of the copper or copper alloy, and the average grain form factors of the aluminum oxide and copper or copper alloy meet the following condition: 0.5?Ra(Al2O3)/Ra(Cu)?2.0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copper-ceramic composite comprising:—a ceramic substrate;—a copper or copper alloy coating in which the copper or copper alloy has grain sizes of 10 ?m to 300 ?m and a number distribution of the grain sizes with a median d50 and an arithmetic mean darith, the ratio of d50 to darith (d50/darith) being between 0.75 and 1.10.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copper/ceramic composite comprising—a ceramic substrate which contains aluminum oxide, —a coating which lies on the ceramic substrate and which is made of copper or a copper alloy, wherein the copper or the copper alloy has a particle size number distribution with a median value d50, an arithmetic mean value darith, and a symmetry value S(Cu)=d50/darith; the aluminum oxide has a particle size number distribution with a median value d50, an arithmetic mean value darith, and a symmetry value S(Al2O3)=d50/darith; and S(Al2O3) and S(Cu) satisfy the following condition: 0.7?S(Al2O3)/S(Cu)?1.4.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copper-ceramic composite comprising: a ceramic substrate; and a copper or copper alloy coating on the ceramic substrate, the copper or copper alloy having grain sizes of 10 ?m to 300 ?m.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copper-ceramic composite comprising: a ceramic substrate; and a copper or copper alloy coating on the ceramic substrate, the copper or copper alloy having grain sizes of 10 ?m to 300 ?m.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copper/ceramic composite comprising—a ceramic substrate which contains aluminum oxide, —a coating which lies on the ceramic substrate and which is made of copper or a copper alloy, wherein the copper or the copper alloy has a particle size number distribution with a median value d50, an arithmetic mean value darith, and a symmetry value S(Cu)=d50/darith; the aluminum oxide has a particle size number distribution with a median value d50, an arithmetic mean value darith, and a symmetry value S(Al2O3)=d50/darith; and S(Al2O3) and S(Cu) satisfy the following condition: 0.7<S(Al2O3)/S(Cu)?1.4.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electro-conductive paste comprising Ag nano-particles and spherical Ag micro-particles in the preparation of electrodes, particularly in electrical devices, particularly in temperature sensitive electrical devices or solar cells, particularly in HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer) solar cells. In particular, the invention relates to a paste, a process for preparing a paste, a precursor, a process for preparing an electrical device and a module comprising electrical devices. The invention relates to a paste comprising the following paste constituents: a. Ag particles, b. a polymer system; wherein the Ag particles have a multi-modal distribution of particle diameter with at least a first maximum in the range from about 1 nm to about less than 1 ?m and at least a further maximum in the range from about 1 ?m to about less than 1 mm; wherein the difference between the first and the further maximum is at least about 0.3 ?m; wherein at least 50 wt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copper-ceramic composite comprising: a ceramic substrate; and a copper or copper alloy coating on the ceramic substrate, the copper or copper alloy having grain sizes of 10 ?m to 300 ?m.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copper-ceramic composite, comprising a ceramic substrate, which contains aluminum oxide, a coating on the ceramic substrate made of copper or a copper alloy, wherein the aluminum oxide has an average grain form factor Ra(Al2O3), determined as an arithmetic average value from the form factors of the grains of the aluminum oxide, the copper or the copper alloy has an average grain form factor Ra(Cu), determined as an arithmetic average of the form factors of the grains of the copper or copper alloy, and the average grain form factors of the aluminum oxide and copper or copper alloy meet the following condition: 0.5?Ra(Al2O3)/Ra(Cu)?2.0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copper-ceramic composite comprising—a ceramic substrate which contains aluminum oxide, the aluminum oxide having particle sizes in the range of 0.01 ?m to 25 ?m and a quantity distribution of the particle sizes with a median value d50 and an arithmetic mean value darith, and the ratio of d50 to darith being in the range of 0.75 to 1.10, —a coating made of copper or a copper alloy provided on the ceramic substrate.

Abstract: In general, the invention relates to electro-conductive pastes comprising silver particles which comprise silver oxide and organic additives and their use in the preparation of photovoltaic solar cells, preferably n-type photovoltaic solar cells. More specifically, the invention relates to electro-conductive pastes, solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The invention relates to an electro-conductive paste comprising as paste constituents: a. Silver particles; wherein the silver particles comprise the following silver particle constituents: i. Silver metal; ii. Silver oxide; b. An inorganic reaction system; c. An organic vehicle; d. An organic additive comprising one or more oxygen atoms doubly bonded to a carbon atom, or singly bonded to two carbon atoms, or a combination of both types of oxygen atom.

Abstract: In general, the invention relates to electro-conductive pastes with characteristic weight loss and their use in the preparation of photovoltaic solar cells. More specifically, the invention relates to electro-conductive pastes, solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The invention relates to a paste comprising the following paste constituents: i. Metal particles; ii. An inorganic reaction system; iii. An organic vehicle; wherein the first weight loss ?30 is in the range from about 0.05 to about 0.3 wt. %.

Abstract: In general, the invention relates to electro-conductive pastes with characteristic weight loss and their use in the preparation of photovoltaic solar cells. More specifically, the invention relates to electro-conductive pastes, solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The invention relates to a paste comprising the following paste constituents: i. Metal particles; ii. An inorganic reaction system; iii. An organic vehicle; wherein the first weight loss ?30 is in the range from about 0.05 to about 0.3 wt. %.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electro-conductive paste comprising Ag nano-particles and spherical Ag micro-particles in the preparation of electrodes, particularly in electrical devices, particularly in temperature sensitive electrical devices or solar cells, particularly in HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer) solar cells. In particular, the invention relates to a paste, a process for preparing a paste, a precursor, a process for preparing an electrical device and a module comprising electrical devices. The invention relates to a paste comprising the following paste constituents: a. Ag particles, b. a polymer system; wherein the Ag particles have a multi-modal distribution of particle diameter with at least a first maximum in the range from about 1 nm to about less than 1 ?m and at least a further maximum in the range from about 1 ?m to about less than 1 mm; wherein the difference between the first and the further maximum is at least about 0.3 ?m; wherein at least 50 wt.