Abstract: In the inhibition of corrosion and scale formation in a water-carrying system wherein to the water there is added a phosphonocarboxylic acid of the formula ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl or alkinyl radical having up to 4 carbon atoms, an aryl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl radical, or the radical ##STR2## R' is hydrogen, an alkyl radical having up to 4 carbon atoms or a carboxyl radical; andX is ##STR3## the improvement which comprises further adding to the water about 5 to 500% by weight of the phosphonocarboxylic acid of at least one member selected from the group consisting of a benzimidazole derivative, polyacrylamide, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone and lignin sulfonate.

Abstract: In the process for the preparation of an acetoxybutanol by hydrogenation of the corresponding acetoxybutyraldehyde in the presence of metals of group VIII of the periodic table, the improvement which comprises carrying out the hydrogenation in the presence of methanol. The rate of reaction is improved by the use of methanol.

Abstract: Corrosion-inhibiting aqueous solutions and corrosion inhibiting antifreeze agents based on glycols and aqueous solutions thereof are prepared by adding two such solutions and agents already containing conventional corrosion inhibitors, heterocyclic nitrogen compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached represent an optionally substituted benzene ring;R.sup.3, r.sup.4, r.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently of one another are selected from the group of hydrogen, lower alkyl, phenyl substituted by one or more lower alkyls;X is sulphur or an imino group (NH) optionally substituted on the nitrogen atom; andn is an integer from 1 to 13, added to an aqueous solution or antifreeze agent which contains at least one conventional corrosion inhibitor.