Abstract: A radiation converter includes a directly converting semiconductor layer, wherein the semiconductor layer includes grains whose interfaces at least predominantly run parallel to a drift direction—constrained by an electric field—of electrons liberated in the semiconductor layer. in at least one embodiment, the charge carriers liberated by incident radiation quanta are accelerated in the electric field in the direction of the radiation incidence direction and on account of the columnar or pillar-like texture of the semiconductor layer, in comparison with the known radiation detectors, cross significantly fewer interfaces of the grains that are occupied by defect sites. This increases the charge carrier lifetime/mobility product in the direction of charge carrier transport. Consequently, it is possible to realize significantly thicker semiconductor layers for the counting and/or energy-selective detection of radiation quanta.

Abstract: A radiation converter material includes a semiconductor material used for directly converting radiation quanta into electrical charge carriers. In at least one embodiment, the semiconductor material includes a dopant in a dopant concentration and defect sites produced in a process-dictated manner in such a way that the semiconductor material includes an ohmic resistivity in a range of between 5·107 ?·cm and 2·109 ?·cm. Such a radiation converter material is particularly well matched to the requirements in particular in human-medical applications with regard to the high flux rate present and the spectral distribution of the radiation quanta. In at least one embodiment, the invention additionally relates to a radiation converter and a radiation detector, and a use of and a method for producing such a radiation converter material.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for obtaining a sample of a fluid solids, such as a coke and hydrocarbon mixture, from a fluid solids process is provided. A sample vessel is provided that contains a first end, a second end, an aperture in the first end and an interior cavity. A cooling device can be provided for cooling material in the interior cavity of the sampling vessel. In operation, fluid solids can be routed through the aperture and collected in the interior cavity. The collected sample material can then be cooled by the cooling device and used for testing.

Abstract: An X-ray radiation detector is disclosed for detecting ionizing radiation, in particular for use in a CT system, with a multiplicity of detector elements. In at least one embodiment, each detector element includes a semiconductor used as detector material with an upper side facing the radiation and a lower side facing away from the radiation, at least two electrodes, wherein one electrode is formed on the upper side of the semiconductor by a metallization layer, and the sum of all detector elements forms a base, which has a base normal at each point. In at least one embodiment, the invention is distinguished by the fact that the upper side of the semiconductor has a surface structure with a surface normal at each point, wherein the surface normal at least in part subtends an angle to the base normal.

Abstract: At least one embodiment of the invention relates to an X-ray radiation detector, in particular for use in a CT system. In at least one embodiment, the X-ray radiation detector includes a semiconductor material used for detection, at least two ohmic contacts between the semiconductor material and a contact material, the semiconductor material and contact material each having a specific excitation energy of the charge carriers, with the excitation energy of the contact material corresponding to the excitation energy of the semiconductor material. At least one embodiment of the invention furthermore relates to a CT system in which an X-ray radiation detector is used, the X-ray radiation detector advantageously having at least two ideal ohmic contacts according to at least one embodiment of the invention.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for detecting X-ray radiation from an X-ray emitter. In at least one embodiment of the method, an electric pulse with a pulse amplitude characteristic of the energy of a quantum is generated when a quantum of the X-ray radiation impinges on a sensor, wherein a number of threshold energies are predetermined. When the pulse amplitude corresponding to the respective energy is exceeded, a signal is emitted each time the pulse amplitude corresponding to a respective threshold energy is exceeded. At least one embodiment of the method permits reliable and high-quality imaging, even in image regions with high X-ray quanta rates. To this end, at least one of the threshold energies is predetermined such that it is higher than the maximum energy of the X-ray spectrum emitted by the X-ray emitter.

Abstract: A disc brake comprises a brake carrier, which is fastenable to the vehicle and is provided with bolts at the leading side and at the trailing side of the brake, which during braking take up the forces acting upon the brake linings. The relative dimensions and arrangements of the bolts and of the brake lining are such that, upon introduction of a brake force that is capable of decelerating the vehicle up to a maximum value in the region of 0.1 g, only tensile forces act upon the brake lining.

Abstract: A disc brake has a brake carrier (10) with at least two bolts (16a, 16b, 18a, 18b) which stand axially to the brake disc for guiding a brake lining (32a, 32b). The plane (P) spanned by the bolt axes has a smaller radial distance (D) from the disc axis (A) than the centroid of the friction lining.

Abstract: A disc brake having a brake carrier (10) which may be fastened to the vehicle and to which bolts are fastened, comprises brake pads (32a, 32b), in the supporting plates of which U-shaped recesses (40, 40?) are formed, which are placed onto the bolts, such that the brake pads are axially movably guided relative to the brake disc.

Abstract: A disc brake has a brake carrier (10) with at least two bolts (16a, 16b, 18a, 18b) which stand axially to the brake disc for guiding a brake lining (32a, 32b). The plane (P) spanned by the bolt axes has a smaller radial distance (D) from the disc axis (A) than the centroid of the friction lining.

Abstract: A disc brake having a brake carrier (10) which may be fastened to the vehicle and to which bolts are fastened, comprises brake pads (32a, 32b), in the supporting plates of which U-shaped recesses (40, 40?) are formed, which are placed onto the bolts, such that the brake pads are axially movably guided relative to the brake disc.

Abstract: A disc brake comprises a brake carrier, which is fastenable to the vehicle and is provided with bolts at the leading side and at the trailing side of the brake, which during braking take up the forces acting upon the brake linings. The relative dimensions and arrangements of the bolts (16a, 16b) and of the brake lining are such that, upon introduction of a brake force that is capable of decelerating the vehicle up to a maximum value in the region of 0.1 g, only tensile forces act upon the brake lining.

Abstract: Disk brake comprising a brake anchor plate (10) which is fastenable to a vehicle, a floating frame (12) which engages over a brake disk (14) of the brake and is guided on the brake anchor plate (10), at least one first brake shoe (22) which in the installed state of the brake is supported against the floating frame (12) at the side of the brake disk (14) directed towards the outside of the vehicle, at least one second brake shoe (20) which in the installed state of the brake is supported counter to braking forces against the brake anchor plate (10) at the side of the brake disk (14) directed towards the inside of the vehicle, at least one operating piston (24) which is disposed on the floating frame (12), wherein the brake shoes (20, 22) are removable substantially radially in relation to the axis of the brake, and wherein the first brake shoe (22) at its rear side (66) has a detent device (68) and the floating frame (12) has a detent device (72) complementary thereto, and that the brake shoe (22) is fastened

Abstract: The brake has a carrier member (12) comprising a fastening portion (14) for mounting near a brake disc (10) and a centrally disposed bridging portion (16) extending across the brake disc (10), as well as a floating caliper (30) which straddles part of the brake disc (10) and the carrier member (12) as well as the brake pads (40,42). A pair of actuating cylinders (36) are disposed at least approximately symmetrically with respect to an axial center plane (D) of the carrier member (12), at the floating caliper (30). At each side of the brake disc (10) there are two separate brake pads (40, 42) adapted to be disassembled past the bridging portion (16) substantially radially with respect to the brake disc (10) when the brake is in its installed position.