Abstract: A method and an apparatus for taking slurry samples from a continuous gravity process flow (PF). The sampling is carried out in two stages by first and second sampling units (1, 2). The primary sample flow (PSF) and the secondary sample flow (SSF) are arranged as pressureless open-channel type flows, so that the flow rate of the secondary sample flow (SSF) to be led for analysis is approximately proportional to an instantaneous flow rate of the process flow (PF).

Abstract: A presentation module is provided for presenting a fluid sample to a Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis. The presentation module comprises an inlet for admitting a fluid sample flow from a process flow, a measurement opening for co-operating with measurement optics, and a stabilizer surface facing towards the measurement opening. The stabilizer surface is adapted to form a stabilized sample flow along the stabilizer surface such that the depth and the outer surface of the sample flow are stabilized, and the surface fluctuation and depth variation of the stabilized sample slurry flow are reduced. As laser pulses are focused on the outer surface of the planar sample flow to transform at least a part of the sample into a state of a plasma, the accuracy and repeatability of the LIBS measurement are significantly improved due to the stabilized sample flow.

Abstract: A presentation module is provided for presenting a fluid sample to a Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis. The presentation module comprises an inlet for admitting a fluid sample flow from a process flow, a measurement opening for co-operating with measurement optics, and a stabilizer surface facing towards the measurement opening. The stabilizer surface is adapted to form a stabilized sample flow along the stabilizer surface such that the depth and the outer surface of the sample flow are stabilized, and the surface fluctuation and depth variation of the stabilized sample slurry flow are reduced. As laser pulses are focused on the outer surface of the planar sample flow to transform at least a part of the sample into a state of a plasma, the accuracy and repeatability of the LIBS measurement are significantly improved due to the stabilized sample flow.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for taking slurry samples from a continuous gravity process flow (PF). The sampling is carried out in two stages by first and second sampling units (1, 2). The primary sample flow (PSF) and the secondary sample flow (SSF) are arranged as pressureless open-channel type flows, so that the flow rate of the secondary sample flow (SSF) to be led for analysis is approximately proportional to an instantaneous flow rate of the process flow (PF).

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement of a measuring window in a continuously operated X-ray analyzer (1), said analyzer being is used particularly for analyzing elemental contents in solid, liquid or slurry-like materials; which measuring window (2) separates the sampling space (3) containing the sample material to be measured and the measurement space (4) containing the measuring probe (11), and is sealed by a lid structure (6) arranged in the sampling space, said lid structure defining the measurement aperture (7) of the sampling space, in which case the lid structure defining the measurement aperture of the sampling space is provided with a sealing surface (8) of the measuring window, so that said surface is at least partly planar and at least partly curved.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement of a measuring window in a continuously operated X-ray analyzer (1), said analyzer being is used particularly for analyzing elemental contents in solid, liquid or slurry-like materials; which measuring window (2) separates the sampling space (3) containing the sample material to be measured and the measurement space (4) containing the measuring probe (11), and is sealed by a lid structure (6) arranged in the sampling space, said lid structure defining the measurement aperture (7) of the sampling space, in which case the lid structure defining the measurement aperture of the sampling space is provided with a sealing surface (8) of the measuring window, so that said surface is at least partly planar and at least partly curved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for defining particle and/or mineral content in real time in a mineral separation process from finely divided particle material flowing either in solid or slurry-like form, so that from the particle material, there is extracted a representative sample, which sample is then subjected to grain size analysis, on the basis of which there is calculated the element and/or mineral content of the particle material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and equipment for preparing an analysis sample (2) for a continuous on-line analysis. According to the invention, a sample material (5) is taken by means of a sampling arrangement (4) from a material flow (24) that contains solid matter and liquid, whereby the sample material (5) is fed into a chamber (6); a layer of material (10), which contains coarse solid matter, depositing in the lower part of the chamber, and a layer of material (8), which contains liquid and fine solids, being separated from the sample material in the upper part of the chamber, whereby at least part of the material (8), which contains fine solids, is moved to the lower part (9) of the chamber (6), from where the analysis sample (2) that has a higher solids content than the sample material (5) is removed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and equipment for preparing an analysis sample (2) for a continuous on-line analysis. According to the invention, a sample material (5) is taken by means of a sampling arrangement (4) from a material flow (24) that contains solid matter and liquid, whereby the sample material (5) is fed into a chamber (6); a layer of material (10), which contains coarse solid matter, depositing in the lower part of the chamber, and a layer of material (8), which contains liquid and fine solids, being separated from the sample material in the upper part of the chamber, whereby at least part of the material (8), which contains fine solids, is moved to the lower part (9) of the chamber (6), from where the analysis sample (2) that has a higher solids content than the sample material (5) is removed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for a continuously operated dilution of a slurry sample, through which device the slurry sample is fed directly into a continuously operated optical analyzer, such as a grain size analyzer. The device comprises elements for feeding the slurry sample, elements for feeding diluting liquid and elements for removing solids contained in the slurry, as well as elements for discharging both the liquid contained in the slurry and the liquid used for dilution. The device of the invention comprises at least one downwardly narrowing chamber (2, 31) that is connected to the analyzer measurement cell (3, 34) so that two opposite walls (10, 32) of the chamber (2, 31) are essentially parallel both with respect to each other and with respect to the respective walls (21, 35) of the measurement cell (3, 34).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for defining particle and/or mineral content in real time in a mineral separation process from finely divided particle material flowing either in solid or slurry-like form, so that from the particle material, there is extracted a representative sample, which sample is then subjected to grain size analysis, on the basis of which there is calculated the element and/or mineral content of the particle material.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for a continuously operated dilution of a slurry sample, through which device the slurry sample is fed directly into a continuously operated optical analyzer, such as a grain size analyzer. The device comprises elements for feeding the slurry sample, elements for feeding diluting liquid and elements for removing solids contained in the slurry, as well as elements for discharging both the liquid contained in the slurry and the liquid used for dilution. The device of the invention comprises at least one downwardly narrowing chamber (2,31) that is connected to the analyzer measurement cell (3, 34) so that two opposite walls (10, 32) of the chamber (2, 31) are essentially parallel both with respect to each other and with respect to the respective walls (21, 35) of the measurement cell (3, 34).

Abstract: The invention relates to an analyzer measuring window and to a method for installing said measuring window in place, said measuring window being used in essentially automatic and continuously operated measurements, particularly when analyzing the element contents of solid, liquid of slurry-like materials. Said measuring window is movable with respect to the measuring aperture provided in the wall of the measuring chamber containing the measuring head of the analyzer and to the sample aperture provided in the sample chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for defining element contents contained by solid, liquid or slurry-like materials by means of an X-ray fluorescence method in an online analysis. According to the invention a combination of both the energy dispersive (3) and wave dispersive (2) X-ray fluorescence methods are applied in the method, so that by means of the energy dispersive method (3), there are measured such diffraction lines that are located essentially far from each other, whereas by means of the wave dispersive method (2), there are measured such diffraction lines that are located essentially near to each other as well as such diffraction lines where a high resolution and resulting accuracy and sensitivity are required.

Abstract: In order to determine the size category or categories of particles dispersed in a liquid a sample flow is passed through a flow channel of sufficient length to allow, at a certain point, a stable flow with a predetermined flow velocity distribution over the channel cross section, such velocity distribution also causing a distribution of the particles over the channel cross section according to the particle size, whereupon a measure of the size category is obtained by determining the amounts of particles appearing in different areas of the channel cross section. The method for determining the particle amount in a certain area of the cross section comprises use of an X-ray spectrometer, whereby the size category may be determined for different materials selectively, and at a second point of the channel there may be caused a strong turbulence to assure a uniform distribution of the particles, whereby at this second point there is obtained a corresponding normalizing measure for the equalization of the effects e.