Abstract: A method for measuring a complex impedance of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack comprises controlling an excitation current through the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack; receiving, in a single common measurement circuit, a plurality of voltage signals corresponding to the plurality of battery cells; measuring the excitation current; and calculating a complex impedance of each of the battery cells in the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of voltage signals and the measured excitation current in a single measurement cycle using either one analog-to-digital converter (ADC) per battery cell or two matched ADCs per battery cell.

Abstract: A real-time automation device includes a real-time databus, and a memory device, wherein the databus is configured to transmit values associated with defined bus variables and configured to communicate a value associated with a bus variable from a bus variable source in accordance with a bus database via a databus to a bus variable receiver associated with the bus variable in accordance with the bus database such that, following transfer of the value from the bus variable source to the databus, the value is transferred within a predefined time period to the bus variable receiver, wherein the memory device also includes a software application which receives values associated with the bus variable from the databus or sends values associated with the bus variable to the databus, and wherein the automation device registers the software application as a bus variable receiver or as a bus variable source for the bus variables.

Abstract: A control layer automation device comprises a processor, one or more control layer applications, a database, a wireless interface, a device memory. Each control layer application is configured to perform a discrete set of automation functions. The database comprises a plurality of operator device identifiers and the wireless interface allows the one or more control layer applications to communicate with a plurality of operator devices via the plurality of operator device identifiers. The device memory comprises the one or more control layer applications. The control layer application manager is configured to manage execution of the one or more control layer applications on the processor.

Abstract: A real-time automation. device includes a real-time databus, and a memory device, wherein the databus is configured to transmit values associated with defined bus variables and configured to communicate a value associated with a bus variable from a bus variable source in accordance with a bus database via a databus to a bus variable receiver associated with the bus variable in accordance with the bus database such that, following transfer of the value from the bus variable source to the databus, the value is transferred within a predefined time period to the bus variable receiver, wherein the memory device also includes a software application which receives values associated with the bus variable from the databus or sends values associated with the bus variable to the databus, and wherein the automation device registers the software application as a bus variable receiver or as a bus variable source for the bus variables.

Abstract: A method for measuring a complex impedance of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack comprises controlling an excitation current through the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack; receiving, in a single common measurement circuit, a plurality of voltage signals corresponding to the plurality of battery cells; measuring the excitation current; and calculating a complex impedance of each of the battery cells in the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of voltage signals and the measured excitation current in a single measurement cycle using either one analog-to-digital converter (ADC) per battery cell or two matched ADCs per battery cell.

Abstract: A control layer automation device comprises a processor, one or more control layer applications, a database, a wireless interface, a device memory. Each control layer application is configured to perform a discrete set of automation functions. The database comprises a plurality of operator device identifiers and the wireless interface allows the one or more control layer applications to communicate with a plurality of operator devices via the plurality of operator device identifiers. The device memory comprises the one or more control layer applications. The control layer application manager is configured to manage execution of the one or more control layer applications on the processor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a supply system for a medium, in particular for an exhaust-gas purification apparatus for the treatment of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, having a storage vessel for the medium, having a dosing device for dosing the medium, and having a provision line which comprises a feed line for the supply of the medium to the dosing device and a return line for returning the medium from the dosing device into the storage vessel. Flow can pass through the dosing device from a feed port to a return port of the dosing device. The provision line comprises an additional fluid connection between the feed line and the return line. The additional fluid connection opens out into the feed line upstream of the feed port of the dosing device and opens out into the return line downstream of the return port of the dosing device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a supply system for a medium, in particular for an exhaust-gas purification apparatus for the treatment of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, having a storage vessel for the medium, having a dosing device for dosing the medium, and having a provision line which comprises a feed line for the supply of the medium to the dosing device and a return line for returning the medium from the dosing device into the storage vessel. Flow can pass through the dosing device from a feed port to a return port of the dosing device. The provision line comprises an additional fluid connection between the feed line and the return line. The additional fluid connection opens out into the feed line upstream of the feed port of the dosing device and opens out into the return line downstream of the return port of the dosing device.

Abstract: A method carries out mobile communication between a mobile unit and a communications device, which exchange voice messages using a telecommunications protocol. During the method, at least one image can be generated by the mobile unit. In the event that at least one image is generated by the mobile unit, at least this image is transmitted to the communications device. On the part of the communications device, an image object is selected based on the transmitted image, and a position of this image object is determined. The determined position is transmitted by the communications device to the mobile unit, and the mobile unit marks at least one of the images in such a manner that, starting from at least one of the images, which is taken as a basis for the selection of the image object, and from the position, a location of the selected image object is specified for at least one image to be marked and a marking object is superimposed upon at least one of the images at the position.

Abstract: Configuring appliances is described. In an embodiment an appliance, for example, a domestic appliance can have both a physical user interface, for example the buttons on the appliance and a remote user interface. In various embodiments a user can access the remote user interface by connecting to a network interface associated with the appliance using a client device. The client device can display the remote user interface of the appliance and the user can use the remote user interface to configure settings and functions of the appliance and of the physical and remote user interfaces. In various embodiments the remote user interface can be used in combination with the physical user interface. In various embodiments the remote user interface is a development environment which enables the user to change the functionality of the appliance by altering or replacing program files which are executed at the appliance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method which is used to adapt link weights or, link costs, for optimized traffic distribution within a communication network. According to said method, a loop is circulated until an interruption criterion is met. The individual iterations comprise the following steps: Routing of traffic within the communication network is calculated based on link cost paths. Parameter values used for opt imization e.g. the link-related volume of traffic, are determined for the individual links by means of the calculated path, and an expected volume of traffic and the link are determined for the parameter having the highest value. When the highest determined value is equal to or less than the valve of the previous step (interruption criterion), the link costs are increased for the determined link. Said method enables link costs and paths for optimized traffic distribution to be determined in an economical manner.

Abstract: A method for shortest path routing, optimized for network utilization is provided. The shortest or optimal paths for routing within the network are calculated from initial values for the link costs. The paths comprise possible path alternatives. The number of originally calculated paths is reduced to the set of unique paths (no path alternative), by changing the link costs as a measure of the loading of the individual links, which leads to an optimized loading of the links, in other words an optimized network utilization. The method provides a simple determination of paths for a single shortest path routing, optimized for network utilization.

Abstract: A method for shortest path routing, optimized for network utilization is provided. The shortest or optimal paths for routing within the network are calculated from initial values for the link costs. The paths comprise possible path alternatives. The number of originally calculated paths is reduced to the set of unique paths (no path alternative), by changing the link costs as a measure of the loading of the individual links, which leads to an optimized loading of the links, in other words an optimized network utilization. The method provides a simple determination of paths for a single shortest path routing, optimized for network utilization.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, IP-packets are received, identified, evaluated and processed at interfaces of a network node. An IP-tunnel is established from each interface of the network node to the control component. An in-band IP signaling packet, which is received at an interface of the network node and characterized by an entry in the protocol field of the header of the IP-packet, is routed through the IP-tunnel to the control component.

Abstract: A network node in the communication network is a target network node, connected by a first communication path with at least one first and one second network node, connected to each other by means of a further communication path. A routing table is held in each network node. The direct communication path from the first network node to the target network node is entered in the routing table of the first network node as the primary routing path and the path leading from the first network node to the second network node and then to the target network node is entered as the reserve routing path. An analogous entry is made in the routing table of the second network node. The relevant reserve routing path is only used on disruption of the primary routing path. A disruption in the primary communication path, provided between the first network node and the target network node is reported by the first network node, by means of a message sent to the second network node.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method which is used to adapt link weights or, link costs, for optimized traffic distribution within a communication network. According to said method, a loop is circulated until an interruption criterion is met. The individual iterations comprise the following steps: Routing of traffic within the communication network is calculated based on link cost paths. Parameter values used for opt imization e.g. the link-related volume of traffic, are determined for the individual links by means of the calculated path, and an expected volume of traffic and the link are determined for the parameter having the highest value. When the highest determined value is equal to or less than the valve of the previous step (interruption criterion), the link costs are increased for the determined link. Said method enables link costs and paths for optimized traffic distribution to be determined in an economical manner.

Abstract: Hash-code value ranges are determined for a traffic distribution among the nodes along a multipath route in a packet-oriented network, according to a predefined traffic distribution in the network. Starting from one or more start nodes, the traffic distribution is determined successively as a function of the hash-codes along the multipath route for each node, including branches, and an allocation of value ranges for the hash-codes to the outbound links is defined. The advantage is that it enables a desired distribution of traffic along any number of multipath routes by distribution on the basis of hash-codes.

Abstract: A method for optimization of traffic distribution in a communication network with multipath routing is provided. Distribution weightings are provided for a node of the communication network which has several alternatives or downward links for the routing to a target. The distribution weightings are modified relative to each other as a measure of the traffic loading on the downward links in order to reduce distributed traffic on highly loaded links and to increase distributed traffic on the less loaded links. An even traffic distribution on the communication network is thus achieved.

Abstract: A method carries out mobile communication between a mobile unit and a communications device, which exchange voice messages using a telecommunications protocol. During the method, at least one image can be generated by the mobile unit. In the event that at least one image is generated by the mobile unit, at least this image is transmitted to the communications device. On the part of the communications device, an image object is selected based on the transmitted image, and a position of this image object is determined. The determined position is transmitted by the communications device to the mobile unit, and the mobile unit marks at least one of the images in such a manner that, starting from at least one of the images, which is taken as a basis for the selection of the image object, and from the position, a location of the selected image object is specified for at least one image to be marked and a marking object is superimposed upon at least one of the images at the position.

Abstract: There is described a method and a configuration system for the automatic readjustment of limits for access controls used to restrict the traffic in a communication network formed by links, said communication network comprising control bodies for performing the access controls. The readjustment of limits for access controls is triggered by an event. A traffic matrix of the network is recorded in the configuration system of the communication network, and a recalculation of link weights is carried out by the configuration system by means of a traffic matrix. New limits are determined limits are respectively transmitted to associated control bodies for performing the access restriction and are activated for access controls. The method enables the limits for the access controls to be automatically monitored.