Abstract: The invention relates to archaeal pyrrolysyl tRNA synthetases lacking a nuclear localization signal and/or comprising a nuclear export signal. The invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding said pyrrolysyl tRNA synthetases, eukaryotic cells comprising said polynucleotide and tRNA acylated by the pyrrolysyl tRNA synthetase or a polynucleotide encoding such tRNA, methods utilizing said cells for preparing polypeptides comprising unnatural amino acid residues, and kits useful in said methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to archaeal pyrrolysyl tRNA synthetases lacking a nuclear localization signal and/or comprising a nuclear export signal. The invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding said pyrrolysyl tRNA synthetases, eukaryotic cells comprising said polynucleotide and tRNA acylated by the pyrrolysyl tRNA synthetase or a polynucleotide encoding such tRNA, methods utilizing said cells for preparing polypeptides comprising unnatural amino acid residues, and kits useful in said methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to archaeal pyrrolysyl tRNA synthetases lacking a nuclear localization signal and/or comprising a nuclear export signal. The invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding said pyrrolysyl tRNA synthetases, eukaryotic cells comprising said polynucleotide and tRNA acylated by the pyrrolysyl tRNA synthetase or a polynucleotide encoding such tRNA, methods utilizing said cells for preparing polypeptides comprising unnatural amino acid residues, and kits useful in said methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing engineered target polypeptides (TP) comprising in its amino acid sequence one or more, identical or different, non-canonical amino acid (ncAA) residues, by expressing said TP in an insect cell line (ICL) and by expressing novel orthogonal bacterial aminoacyl tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs in said ICL; a baculoviral shuttle vector (bacmid) suitable or introducing the genetic information of said orthogonal tRNA synthetase/tRNA into said ILC; particular expression cassettes for expressing said particular tRNAs in said ILC; TPs obtained by said method; as we as a kit for preparing said TPs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to unnatural amino acids comprising a cyclooctynyl or trans-cyclooctenyl analog group and having formula (I) or an acid or base addition salt thereof. The invention also relates to the use of said unnatural amino acids, kits and processes for preparation of polypeptides that comprise one or more than one cyclooctynyl or trans-cyclooctenyl analog group. These polypeptides can be covalently modified by in vitro or in vivo reaction with compounds comprising an azide, nitrile oxide, nitrone, diazocarbonyl or 1,2,4,5-tetrazine group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to unnatural amino acids comprising a cyclooctynyl or trans-cyclooctenyl analog group and having formula (I) or an acid or base addition salt thereof. The invention also relates to the use of said unnatural amino acids, kits and processes for preparation of polypeptides that comprise one or more than one cyclooctynyl or trans-cyclooctenyl analog group. These polypeptides can be covalently modified by in vitro or in vivo reaction with compounds comprising an azide, nitrile oxide, nitrone, diazocarbonyl or 1,2,4,5-tetrazine group.