Abstract: A process for the purification of carboxylic acid having a chain length from one to five carbon atoms is disclosed herein. The process includes transforming the carboxylic acid to its monoester and/or its diester, and processing the mono- and/or the diester of the carboxylic acid by subcritical or supercritical fluid chromatography using a subcritical or supercritical mobile phase.

Abstract: A method for cell disruption of biogenic suspended raw materials by means of a combination of pressurization, atomization and decompression with a subsequent selective extraction and separation of cellular valuable substances includes at least one reservoir cubicle serving as reservoir for a suspension composed of biogenic raw material and at least another reservoir cubicle utilized as reservoir for a solvent. A cellular extract is produced in one unit for cell disruption, and is subsequently flown through by a gas in an extraction stage. The gas burdened with cellular valuable substances is separated from the cellular valuable substances in a separation stage by lowering the pressure. The suspension includes biogenic raw material pressurized to a pressure of 100-2500 bar by a device for pressure boosting. The solvent is pressurized to a pressure of 100-2500 bar by a device for pressure boosting.

Abstract: The invention relates to an extraction method for producing soluble substances from organic plant or animal raw material with high pressure, wherein supercritical gas is used as a solvent and wherein the organic material is filled into one or a plurality of high pressure reservoirs. The high pressure reservoirs are closed and a pressure of more than 800 bar is subsequently applied. In an extraction step, the supercritical gas flows at least once through the filled high pressure reservoir, wherein no additional entraining agent is added to the supercritical gas. Subsequently the charged supercritical gas is fed completely or partially to a separation stage, wherein natural substances or substance mixtures are reacted or separated from each other by lowering the pressure. The pressure in the extraction stage exceeds the maximum solubility pressure of the oil or fat of the raw material in the supercritical gas at least by 10%. The respective oil or fat of the raw material serves as the entraining agent.

Abstract: In a method for extracting products of value from animal or vegetable starting material, a solution is to be created, with which extraction is improved, with regard to both the yield and separation of natural products to be extracted, and management of the method. This is achieved in that soluble constituents are extracted from the starting material in a first extraction step, using CO2, and subsequently, in a second extraction step, other constituents are extracted with compressed hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A device uses hydraulic actuation for the closure of a vessel by a rotation-symmetric reciprocating piston mechanism of an extremely compact type, which includes a reciprocating hydraulic piston and an intensifier piston, which are in each case moved in cylinders. The hydraulic piston is driven water-hydraulically and the intensifier piston pneumatically, these two forming a direct axial functional unit via a fluid, which is located in a chamber between the lower face of the hydraulic cylinder and the upper face of the intensifier piston. The upper face of the hydraulic piston forms at least partially the plug-type closure of the vessel or is rigidly connected to a closure element of the vessel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a very compact device and to a method for closing a container by means of a rotational symmetric lifting system, which contains a working piston and a guide cylinder and is operated essentially using the same fluid that is placed inside the container while serving a process medium. The front face of the working piston forms, at least in part, the closure part of the container or is joined to the closure part in a fixed manner. Ideally, a supercritical fluid is used both as a working medium for driving the piston and as the process medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device creating a hydraulic power stroke for closing a container by means of a rotationally symmetrical lifting system in a very compact form, said device containing a displaceable working piston and a displaceable booster piston which are respectively guided in cylinders. The working piston is hydraulically driven and the booster piston is pneumatically driven, both pistons being in direct axial active communication by means of a fluid located in a cavity between the bottom surface of the working cylinder and the front side of the booster piston. The front side of the working piston at least partially forms the closure of the container or is rigidly connected to the closing element of the container.