Abstract: The present method relates to the measurement of fibrous material, such as slivers and rovings, by ultrasonics. By a suitable arrangement of a sound source and a sound pick-up with the fibrous material disposed therebetween, only those sound waves arrive at the sound pick-up which have penetrated the fibrous material. All lagging disturbing signals which are generated by reflections and interferences are suppressed by the pulsed operation of the sound source and by the corresponding gating of the sound pick-up, as a result of which, the value to be measured, namely, the quantity of fibers present at any time in the measuring data, is substantially free from disturbing influences. This measured value may be used as a value for the cross-sectional regularity, or as a controlled variable for the production of regular rovings or slivers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring an unknown quantity of heat in a measuring zone formed by a vessel of good thermal conducting properties is carried out in such a manner that the measuring zone is supplied with a known quantity of heat and the quantity of heat of the measuring zone is given off to a cold zone, that the temperature of the measuring zone is always kept equal to the temperature of the environment and at the same time the dissipation of heat is kept constant by keeping the difference between the temperature of the measuring zone and the temperature of the cold zone always the same, and that the known quantity of heat supplied to the measuring zone is measured at a point outside of the vessel when the unknown quantity of heat is absent and when it is present, the difference between the known quantity of heat in the absence of the unknown quantity of heat on the one hand and the known quantity of heat in the presence of the unknown quantity of heat on the other hand being the measurement result