Abstract: A nozzle reactor includes a passage having one or more regions with a converging-diverging shape. The nozzle reactor accelerates a reacting fluid to supersonic velocities and mixes it with a feed material. The reacting fluid and the feed material may be pre-heated. The high speed collision between the reacting fluid and the feed material at elevated temperatures causes the materials to react.

Abstract: A nozzle reactor system for increasing the conversion rate of material feed injected into the nozzle reactor system. The system includes two or more nozzle reactors aligned in parallel. A main stream of material to be upgraded is divided such that one stream is produced for each nozzle reactor in the system. Each nozzle reactor includes an interior reactor chamber and an injection passage and material feed passage that are each in material injecting communication with the interior reactor chamber. Furthermore, the injection passage is aligned transversely to the injection passage. The injection passage is configured to accelerate cracking material passed therethrough to a supersonic speed. The product produced from each of the nozzle reactors is combined into one product stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems for cracking hydrocarbon material in a nozzle reactor and processing any un-cracked hydrocarbon material passing through the nozzle reactor. The nozzle reactor used may have a configuration whereby cracking material is injected into the nozzle reactor at a high velocity, including supersonic speed. The hydrocarbon material is injected into the nozzle reactor and intersects with the cracking material to crack hydrocarbon material. Any hydrocarbon material that pass through the nozzle reactor un-cracked can be re-injected into the nozzle reactor. An increase in the concentration and amount of un-cracked hydrocarbons injected into the nozzle reactor may increase the overall conversion of hydrocarbons into lighter hydrocarbons.