Abstract: A flame detection apparatus has a focused array based sensor which is responsive to radiation having a predefined wavelength for generating an image of the infrared radiation emitted within a monitored region, and means for measuring the spectral ratio of the intensity of radiation having a first wavelength emitted within the monitored region to the intensity of radiation having a second wavelength emitted within the monitored region. Processing means analyzes the output of the focused array based sensor and the spectral ratio measuring means for responses indicative of the presence of a flame within the monitored region.

Abstract: A turbulent fluid, such as a flame, is examined using an array of infrared detector elements. The relationship between the thermal emissions received by different elements at different times is analysed, for example using correlation functions. This enables existence of a flame to be verified and the nature of the flame to be identified.

Abstract: Radiation falling on a two dimensional detector array is analysed with respect to two perpendicular directions whereby two different characteristics can be analysed with one array. Possible characteristics include the variation intensity with wavelength, spatial position or path length through a sample.

Abstract: An array of detectors of electromagnetic radiation is positioned behind a pair of “grade” or “variable” filters and are inclined with respect to each other so that the detectors view a range of center wavelengths of varying bandwidths.

Abstract: An array of detectors of electromagnetic radiation is positioned behind a pair of “grade” or “variable” filters and are inclined with respect to each other so that the detectors view a range of center wavelengths of varying bandwidths.

Abstract: A flame detection apparatus has a focused array based sensor which is responsive to radiation having a predefined wavelength for generating an image of the infrared radiation emitted within a monitored region, and means for measuring the spectral ratio of the intensity of radiation having a first wavelength emitted within the monitored region to the intensity of radiation having a second wavelength emitted within the monitored region. Processing means analyses the output of the focused array based sensor and the spectral ration measuring means for responses indicative of the presence of a flame within the monitored region.

Abstract: A turbulent fluid, such as a flame, is examined using an array of infrared detector elements. The relationship between the thermal emissions received by different elements at different times is analysed, for example using correlation functions. This enables existence of a flame to be verified and the nature of the flame to be identified.

Abstract: The invention provides a working fluid for an electrophoretic image display device including a dispersion of a species of finely divided particles of an opaque dielectric material suspended in a suspension medium, each of the said particles which are transportable within the suspension medium under the influence of an electric field, has a chemical compound adsorbed on the surface thereof, the chemical compound is such that the molecules thereof exert an attractive force towards each other in the absence of the electric field.