Abstract: A two-stage water treatment process. In a first stage, an incoming stream of water is processed to remove impurities and produce an outgoing stream of water usable for a first purpose and a waste stream of water not suitable for the first purpose. In a second stage, the waste stream of water is processed to remove hardness and alkalinity and produce a second outgoing stream of water suitable for a second purpose. In an exemplary embodiment, the first stage is a forward osmosis or nanofiltration process, and the first purpose includes production of potable water. The second stage includes the use of a weak acid cation resin system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a combined generator technology for two purposes: 1) electrodialysis “salt splitting” (ESS) to convert sodium chloride salt into an acid (hydrochloric or sulfuric) and a caustic (sodium hydroxide) to be generated for use as regeneration solutions for weak acid cation, weak base anion, and strong base anion resin systems and 2) electro-generation for converting sodium chloride salt into an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite both with the intention of treating make up water and/or recirculating in a cooling tower, fluid cooler, or any evaporative cooling device; other salts will apply to the process in addition to sodium chloride (example sodium sulfate).