Abstract: A method of liquid characterisation using an optical characterisation system. The optical characterisation system comprises an optical element comprising a light source and light detector, and defining a light path extending between the light source and light detector. The detector resolves light intensities at varying wavelengths. The system also comprises a liquid container and a photonic crystal attached to the first container surface and facing the interior. The method comprises: recording a first transmission spectrum, wherein at least part of the first and second container surfaces, the interior containing liquid and the photonic crystal intercept the light path, and the interior intercepts the light path before the photonic crystal, and recording a second transmission spectrum. At least part of the first and second container surfaces, the interior containing liquid and the photonic crystal intercept the light path. The photonic crystal intercepts the light path before the interior.

Abstract: A transparent photocatalytic coating for in-situ generation of free radicals combating microbes, odors and organic compounds in visible light is disclosed, featuring a catalytic material comprising a dopant and having particle size distribution suitable for exciton-confinment to accumulatively shift the photocatalytic process into visible light range. Furthermore, the present invention features a method of producing the photocatalytic material described herein. Furthermore, the present invention discloses a method of application of the photocatalytic coating to a surface of a locus. Finally, the present invention features using the photocatalytic coating for removing contaminants and microorganisms at the locus.

Abstract: A method of liquid characterisation using an optical characterisation system. The optical characterisation system comprises an optical element comprising a light source and light detector, and defining a light path extending between the light source and light detector. The detector resolves light intensities at varying wavelengths. The system also comprises a liquid container and a photonic crystal attached to the first container surface and facing the interior. The method comprises: recording a first transmission spectrum, wherein at least part of the first and second container surfaces, the interior containing liquid and the photonic crystal intercept the light path, and the interior intercepts the light path before the photonic crystal, and recording a second transmission spectrum. At least part of the first and second container surfaces, the interior containing liquid and the photonic crystal intercept the light path. The photonic crystal intercepts the light path before the interior.