Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for refining glyceride oil comprising the steps of: (i) contacting glyceride oil with a liquid comprising a basic quaternary ammonium salt to form a treated glyceride oil; wherein the quaternary ammonium salt comprises a basic anion selected from hydroxide, alkoxide, alkylcarbonate, hydrogen carbonate, carbonate, serinate, prolinate, histidinate, threoninate, valinate, asparaginate, taurinate and lysinate; and a quaternary ammonium cation; (ii) separating the treated glyceride oil from a salt comprising the quaternary ammonium cation; and (iii) subjecting the treated glyceride oil after the separation step to at least one further refining step; and to the use of contacting a glyceride oil with the basic quaternary ammonium salt for preventing or reducing the formation of fatty acid esters of chloropropanols and/or glycidol upon heating of the glyceride oil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing metal from metal-containing glyceride oil comprising the steps of: (i) contacting a glyceride oil, comprising chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and/or copper in a total amount of from 10 mg/kg to 10,000 mg/kg, with a liquid comprising a basic quaternary ammonium salt to form a treated glyceride oil; wherein the basic quaternary ammonium salt comprises a basic anion selected from hydroxide, alkoxide, alkylcarbonate, hydrogen carbonate, carbonate, serinate, prolinate, histidinate, threoninate, valinate, asparaginate, taurinate and lysinate; and (ii) separating the treated glyceride oil from a salt comprising the quaternary ammonium cation, providing a treated glyceride oil containing a reduced amount of metals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for refining glyceride oil comprising the steps of: (i) contacting glyceride oil with a liquid comprising a basic quaternary ammonium salt to form a treated glyceride oil; wherein the quaternary ammonium salt comprises a basic anion selected from hydroxide, alkoxide, alkylcarbonate, hydrogen carbonate, carbonate, serinate, prolinate, histidinate, threoninate, valinate, asparaginate, taurinate and lysinate; and a quaternary ammonium cation; (ii) separating the treated glyceride oil from a salt comprising the quaternary ammonium cation; and (iii) subjecting the treated glyceride oil after the separation step to at least one further refining step; and to the use of contacting a glyceride oil with the basic quaternary ammonium salt for preventing or reducing the formation of fatty acid esters of chloropropanols and/or glycidol upon heating of the glyceride oil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing metal from metal-containing glyceride oil comprising the steps of: (i) contacting a glyceride oil, comprising chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and/or copper in a total amount of from 10 mg/kg to 10,000 mg/kg, with a liquid comprising a basic quaternary ammonium salt to form a treated glyceride oil; wherein the basic quaternary ammonium salt comprises a basic anion selected from hydroxide, alkoxide, alkylcarbonate, hydrogen carbonate, carbonate, serinate, prolinate, histidinate, threoninate, valinate, asparaginate, taurinate and lysinate; and (ii) separating the treated glyceride oil from a salt comprising the quaternary ammonium cation, providing a treated glyceride oil containing a reduced amount of metals.

Abstract: A method of providing error correction to flow velocity readings of a fluid flowing through a filter arrangement for monitoring the service life of the filter, wherein a filter arrangement, comprising a filter and a sensor device is arranged downstream of the filter, the sensor device including at least one measuring sensor for detecting the flow velocity of the fluid which flows through the filter, and a further measuring sensor for measuring the air humidity of the fluid which flows through the filter. A reading of said second sensor element provides an error correction to the first sensor element.

Abstract: A method of providing error correction to flow velocity readings of a fluid flowing through a filter arrangement for monitoring the service life of the filter, wherein a filter arrangement, comprising a filter and a sensor device is arranged downstream of the filter, the sensor device including at least one measuring sensor for detecting the flow velocity of the fluid which flows through the filter, and a further measuring sensor for measuring the air humidity of the fluid which flows through the filter. A reading of said second sensor element provides an error correction to the first sensor element.

Abstract: Filter arrangement (1), comprising a filter (2) and a sensor device (3) which is arranged downstream of the filter (2) for monitoring the service life of the filter (2), having at least one measuring sensor (4) for detecting the flow velocity of the fluid (5) which flows through the filter, wherein the sensor device (3) has a further measuring sensor (6) for measuring the air humidity of the fluid (5) which flows through the filter.

Abstract: A system for the metered feeding of volatile fuel components, in particular into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, includes an electromagnetic canister-purge valve which is actuatable in proportional pulse-width modulation, and a closed-loop control circuit with which, for the purpose of compensating for external interferences, the coil current of the canister-purge valve is adjustable. The system is characterized in that at least one device provided for detecting a variable parameter that includes at least one of a mass flow through the valve, a volume flow through the valve, a distance between the valve seat and the sealing element of the valve, and a CHx portion in the volume flow. The coil current is adjustable as a function of the parameter.

Abstract: A diaphragm pump for pumping a fluid, includes a flexible diaphragm which contains magnetically hard or soft particles and is actuated by an electromagnetic actuator. The diaphragm pump having a housing having an interior space containing two pump chambers which are separated by the diaphragm, and in that the diaphragm is actuated by two opposite electromagnetic actuators.

Abstract: An air spring comprising a rolling piston, a bellows with a rolling fold which can be rolled on the wall of the rolling piston, and at least one flat sensor element that can be actuated by the rolling movement of the bellows, and that generates a height-dependent signal. The sensor element is integrated into the wall of the rolling piston or is disposed on the side of the wall that faces the hollow space of the rolling piston.

Abstract: A system for the metered feeding of volatile fuel components, in particular into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, includes an electromagnetic canister-purge valve which is actuatable in proportional pulse-width modulation, and a closed-loop control circuit with which, for the purpose of compensating for external interferences, the coil current of the canister-purge valve is adjustable. The system is characterized in that at least one device provided for detecting a variable parameter that includes at least one of a mass flow through the valve, a volume flow through the valve, a distance between the valve seat and the sealing element of the valve, and a CHx portion in the volume flow. The coil current is adjustable as a function of the parameter.

Abstract: A circuitry configuration for an electromagnetic regeneration valve actuatable by pulse-width modulation for venting the tank of a motor vehicle is described, having a power source for supplying the solenoid of the regeneration valve with electricity, a control unit for generating pulse-width-modulated signals and a switching device via which the solenoid is able to receive the pulse-width-modulated signals of the control unit. Means are provided for suppressing high induced voltages at the solenoid. This measure considerably reduces the noise generation during operation of the regeneration valve, both in pulsed and in proportional mode.