Abstract: A process and apparatus for controlling the amount of gasoline and distillate obtained from an oligomerate product is described. The process includes oligomerizing olefins in a feed stream to produce a mixture of an oligomerate product and unreacted feed. The mixture is separated into a light stream comprising the unreacted feed and the oligomerate product. Some or all of the oligomerate product is hydrogenated to produce hydrotreated oligomerate product. The hydrotreated oligomerate product can be separated into gasoline and distillate. A recycle stream comprising at least one of non-hydrotreated oligomerate product and hydrotreated oligomerate product is introduced into the oligomerization zone. The flow rates of non-hydrotreated oligomerate product and hydrotreated oligomerate product in the recycle stream are controlled to control the amount of gasoline and distillate product produced.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods for purifying a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil are provided. The method comprises the step of contacting the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil with a first deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at first predetermined hydroprocessing conditions to form a first low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil effluent. The low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil effluent is contacted with an ionic liquid to remove phenolic compounds, nitrogen compounds and other impurities. This ionic liquid step may be followed by a second deoxygenation step or the deoxygenating may be completed and then followed by the ionic liquid purification step.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for producing jet-range hydrocarbons from biorenewable sources, such as oligomerizing C3-C8 biorenewable olefins, for example, derived from C3-C8 alkanol products of fermentation of biomass. Production of jet-range hydrocarbons is increased by employing an additional oligomerization zone for oligomerizing naphtha separated from the effluent of a primary oligomerization zone wherein the C3-C8 biorenewable olefins were first subjected to oligomerization.

Abstract: Disclosed is the addition of C5 olefins to oligomerization feed stream has the counterintuitive effect of reducing the production of heavier oligomers over a uni-dimensional, ten-ring pore zeolite. Consequently, C5 olefins can be added to C4 olefins in an oligomerization feed stream to produce more gasoline and less distillate.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are presented for the conversion of light paraffins to heavier liquid fuels or distillate. The process and apparatus includes conversion of a paraffin stream to an olefinic stream. The olefinic stream is passed through a reactor zone to convert the olefins to heavier hydrocarbons, including branched paraffins and branched olefins. The process includes recycling a portion of the product to the reactors for controlling the heat and reaction rate of the dimerization or oligomerization process.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are presented for the conversion of propane to higher valued fuels, such as gasoline and diesel. The process includes the dehydrogenation of propane to generate a propylene stream. The propylene stream is oligomerized and controlled to generate a liquid hydrocarbon stream in the C6 to C12 range.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are presented for the conversion of propane to higher valued fuels, such as gasoline and diesel. The process includes the dehydrogenation of propane to generate a propylene stream. The propylene stream is oligomerized and controlled to generate a liquid hydrocarbon stream in the C6 to C12 range.

Abstract: The invention involves a process for hydrocarbon conversion. The process can include providing a feed to a primary upgrading zone and then treating the product from the primary upgrading zone with a feed-immiscible ionic liquid to remove carbon residue compounds.

Abstract: The invention involves a process for hydrocarbon conversion. The process can include providing a feed to a primary upgrading zone and then treating the product from the primary upgrading zone with a feed-immiscible ionic liquid to remove metal compounds.

Abstract: The invention involves a process for hydrocarbon conversion. The process can include providing a feed to a primary upgrading zone and then treating the product from the primary upgrading zone with a feed-immiscible ionic liquid to remove nitrogen compounds.

Abstract: The invention involves a process for hydrocarbon conversion. The process can include providing a feed to a primary upgrading zone and then treating the product from the primary upgrading zone with a feed-immiscible ionic liquid to remove sulfur compounds.

Abstract: A process of making a catalyst and the catalyst composition made by that process comprising a multinuclear metal compound of the formula Ma(PCy3)b(H)c(CO)d(OR)e(H2O)f with molar ratios a:b:c:d:e:f, wherein a is in the range from 2 to 2000, b is in the range from 0 to 4000, c is in the range from 0 to 6000 and d is in the range from 0 to 2000, e is in the range from 1 to 2000, and f is in the range from 0 to 100; wherein PCy3 indicates tricyclohexylphosphine, H indicates hydride, R is an alkyl group determined by the alcohol utilized and H2O is water from the reaction; and a is at least twice w. A method of making one or more 2,5-dimethylhexenes is described. A method of making p-xylene using one or more 2,5-dimethylhexenes is also described.

Abstract: Methods and systems for selectively hydrogenating benzene with a supported organometallic hydrogenating catalyst are provided. An exemplary method includes contacting an arene-containing reaction stream comprising benzene and one or more additional arenes with hydrogen in the presence of a supported organometallic hydrogenating catalyst under reaction conditions effective to hydrogenate at least benzene in the arene-containing reaction stream to produce a reaction effluent having a ratio of benzene to additional arenes that is lower than a ratio of benzene to additional arenes in the reaction stream. In this method, the supported organometallic hydrogenating catalyst includes a catalytically active organometallic species and a Brønsted acidic sulfated metal oxide support.

Abstract: A process for olefin metathesis is disclosed. The process involves contacting a feedstock comprising a first olefin and a second olefin having a carbon number at least two greater than that of the first olefin with a catalyst comprising a tungsten component on a refractory oxide support, e.g. silica at metathesis conditions to provide a product olefin having an intermediate carbon number between that of the first and second olefin. The catalyst is characterized in that it is first pretreated with hydrogen followed by treatment with ethylene.

Abstract: A process for removing a nitrogen compound and a sulfur compound from a hydroprocessed vacuum gas oil feed includes contacting the hydroprocessed vacuum gas oil feed comprising the nitrogen compound and the sulfur compound with a VGO-immiscible phosphonium ionic liquid to produce a hydroprocessed vacuum gas oil and VGO-immiscible phosphonium ionic liquid mixture, and separating the mixture to produce a hydroprocessed vacuum gas oil effluent having a reduced nitrogen compound and sulfur compound content relative to the vacuum gas oil feed. It was found that the amount of the sulfur compound being removed was significantly improved by first removing the nitrogen compounds, especially polar nitrogen compounds.

Abstract: An olefinic feed stream comprising butenes is oligomerized over a zeolitic catalyst to make gasoline. Conversion of normal butenes is kept low to maximize gasoline production. Recycle of unconverted butenes provides for sufficient overall conversion to gasoline product.

Abstract: A first oligomerization stream is oligomerized over a first catalyst in a first oligomerization reactor zone to make oligomerate. An oligomerate stream is separated to provide a heavy oligomerate boiling in the diesel range and a second oligomerization feed stream. The latter is fed to a second oligomerization reactor zone with a second different catalyst to produce the heavy oligomerate.

Abstract: A process sends at least a portion of an oligomerization feed to a first oligomerization reactor zone that includes a zeolite or a SPA catalyst and another portion of the same feed to a second oligomerization reactor zone that includes an amorphous silica alumina catalyst. The first oligomerization reactor zone makes aliphatic olefins that can be cracked to propylene and the second oligomerization reactor zone makes cyclic molecules that can be converted to aromatics in an FCC unit.

Abstract: A first oligomerization stream is oligomerized over a zeolitic catalyst in a first oligomerization reactor zone to make oligomerate. A heavy oligomerate stream is recovered from the oligomerate and fed to a second reactor zone with zeolitic catalyst operated at a higher temperature than the first oligomerization zone to crack heavy oligomerate down to gasoline range oligomerate.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing a zeolite includes the steps of: (a) preparing an aqueous mixture comprising water, a substituted hydrocarbon and an amine; (b) reacting the aqueous mixture; (c) obtaining a solution comprising an organoammonium product; (d) forming a reaction mixture including reactive sources of M, Al, Si, optionally seeds of a layered material L, and the solution, wherein M is a metal; and (e) heating the reaction mixture to form the zeolite. The substituted hydrocarbon can be an ?,?-dihalogen substituted alkane, and the amine is preferably essentially incapable of undergoing pyramidal inversion.