Abstract: A system for electrically heating glass configured for installation on a vehicle. The system includes: a transparent metallic layer configured to be mounted to the glass, conduct electrical current, and increase in temperature to heat the glass in response to electrical current running across the transparent metallic layer; a glass temperature sensor configured to sense a glass temperature of the glass; a humidity sensor configured to sense humidity of at least one of cabin humidity inside the vehicle and exterior humidity outside of the vehicle; a cabin temperature sensor configured to sense cabin temperature of the vehicle; an exterior temperature sensor configured to sense exterior temperature outside of the vehicle; and a control module.

Abstract: An electrode arrangement for applying electrical signals to skin of an animal comprising a flexible electrically non-conductive substrate, at least one electrode provided on a first surface of the substrate for applying electrical signals to the skin when placed on the skin, at least one connector connected to a respective electrode for providing electrical signals to the respective electrode and an electrically non-conductive sealing arrangement connected to the substrate for sealing the substrate and the skin to prevent ingress of moisture to the at least one electrode and to the at least one connector at the connection to the respective electrode. The or each electrode comprises a plurality of spaced electrically conductive elements to allow flexion of the electrode arrangement and electrically conductive material between the plurality of spaced electrically conductive elements to form a two-dimensional electrically conductive path across at least a portion of the first surface of the substrate.