Abstract: Conditioning systems and methods for providing cooling to a heat load can include an evaporative cooler arranged in a scavenger plenum with a recovery coil downstream of the evaporative cooler. The conditioning systems can operate in various modes, including an adiabatic mode and an evaporative mode, and a blended mode between the adiabatic mode and the evaporative mode, depending on environmental conditions. The blended mode can be enabled by a fluid transmission and retention device fluidically connected to the inlet and outlet of the evaporative cooler, the recovery coil outlet, and the heat load. The fluid transmission and retention device can variably distribute the cooling fluid exiting the recovery coil and the cooling fluid exiting the evaporative cooler to one or both of the heat load and the evaporative cooler inlet. In an example, the fluid transmission and retention device includes a manifold. In another example, the fluid transmission and retention device includes one or more tanks.

Abstract: Conditioning systems and methods for providing cooling to a heat load can include an evaporative cooler arranged in a scavenger plenum with a recovery coil downstream of the evaporative cooler. The conditioning systems can operate in various modes, including an adiabatic mode and an evaporative mode, and a blended mode between the adiabatic mode and the evaporative mode, depending on environmental conditions. The blended mode can be enabled by a fluid transmission and retention device fluidically connected to the inlet and outlet of the evaporative cooler, the recovery coil outlet, and the heat load. The fluid transmission and retention device can variably distribute the cooling fluid exiting the recovery coil and the cooling fluid exiting the evaporative cooler to one or both of the heat load and the evaporative cooler inlet. In an example, the fluid transmission and retention device includes a manifold. In another example, the fluid transmission and retention device includes one or more tanks.

Abstract: Conditioning systems and methods for providing cooling to a heat load can include an evaporative cooler arranged in a scavenger plenum with a recovery coil downstream of the evaporative cooler. The conditioning systems can operate in various modes, including an adiabatic mode and an evaporative mode, and a blended mode between the adiabatic mode and the evaporative mode, depending on environmental conditions. The blended mode can be enabled by a fluid transmission and retention device fluidically connected to the inlet and outlet of the evaporative cooler, the recovery coil outlet, and the heat load. The fluid transmission and retention device can variably distribute the cooling fluid exiting the recovery coil and the cooling fluid exiting the evaporative cooler to one or both of the heat load and the evaporative cooler inlet. In an example, the fluid transmission and retention device includes a manifold. In another example, the fluid transmission and retention device includes one or more tanks.

Abstract: Conditioning systems and methods for providing cooling to a heat load can include an evaporative cooler arranged in a scavenger plenum with a recovery coil downstream of the evaporative cooler. The conditioning systems can operate in various modes, including an adiabatic mode and an evaporative mode, and a blended mode between the adiabatic mode and the evaporative mode, depending on environmental conditions. The blended mode can be enabled by a fluid transmission and retention device fluidically connected to the inlet and outlet of the evaporative cooler, the recovery coil outlet, and the heat load. The fluid transmission and retention device can variably distribute the cooling fluid exiting the recovery coil and the cooling fluid exiting the evaporative cooler to one or both of the heat load and the evaporative cooler inlet. In an example, the fluid transmission and retention device includes a manifold. In another example, the fluid transmission and retention device includes one or more tanks.

Abstract: A hybrid evaporative cooler system can include an evaporative cooler, a cooling coil, and a controller. The evaporative cooler can be located in an airstream and the cooling coil can be located in the airstream downstream of the evaporative cooler. The cooling coil can be configured to receive a process fluid from a source. The controller can be configured to operate the hybrid evaporative cooler system in a dry mode on condition that the leaving process fluid temperature set point is greater than the minimum supply fluid temperature.

Abstract: Conditioning systems and methods for providing cooling to a heat load can include an evaporative cooler arranged in a scavenger plenum with a recovery coil downstream of the evaporative cooler. The conditioning systems can operate in various modes, including an adiabatic mode and an evaporative mode, and a blended mode between the adiabatic mode and the evaporative mode, depending on environmental conditions. The blended mode can be enabled by a fluid transmission and retention device fluidically connected to the inlet and outlet of the evaporative cooler, the recovery coil outlet, and the heat load. The fluid transmission and retention device can variably distribute the cooling fluid exiting the recovery coil and the cooling fluid exiting the evaporative cooler to one or both of the heat load and the evaporative cooler inlet. In an example, the fluid transmission and retention device includes a manifold. In another example, the fluid transmission and retention device includes one or more tanks.

Abstract: Conditioning systems and methods for providing cooling to a heat load can include an evaporative cooler arranged in a scavenger plenum with a recovery coil downstream of the evaporative cooler. The conditioning systems can operate in various modes, including an adiabatic mode and an evaporative mode, and a blended mode between the adiabatic mode and the evaporative mode, depending on environmental conditions. The blended mode can be enabled by a fluid transmission and retention device fluidically connected to the inlet and outlet of the evaporative cooler, the recovery coil outlet, and the heat load. The fluid transmission and retention device can variably distribute the cooling fluid exiting the recovery coil and the cooling fluid exiting the evaporative cooler to one or both of the heat load and the evaporative cooler inlet. In an example, the fluid transmission and retention device includes a manifold. In another example, the fluid transmission and retention device includes one or more tanks.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing 99Mo from a plurality of 100Mo targets through a photo-nuclear reaction on the 100Mo targets. The apparatus comprises: (i) an electron linear accelerator component; (ii) a converter component capable of receiving the electron beam and producing therefrom a shower of bremsstrahlung photons; (iii) a target irradiation component for receiving the shower of bremsstrahlung photons for irradiation of a target holder mounted and positioned therein. The target holder houses a plurality of 100Mo target discs. The apparatus additionally comprises (iv) a target holder transfer and recovery component for receiving, manipulating and conveying the target holder by remote control; (v) a first cooling system sealingly engaged with the converter component for circulation of a coolant fluid therethrough; and (vi) a second cooling system sealingly engaged with the target irradiation component for circulation of a coolant fluid therethrough.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing 99Mo from a plurality of 100Mo targets through a photo-nuclear reaction on the m° Mo targets. The apparatus comprises: (i) an electron linear accelerator component; (ii) a converter component capable of receiving the electron beam and producing therefrom a shower of bremsstrahlung photons; (iii) a target irradiation component for receiving the shower of bremsstrahlung photons for irradiation of a target holder mounted and positioned therein. The target holder houses a plurality of 100Mo target discs. The apparatus additionally comprises (iv) a target holder transfer and recovery component for receiving, manipulating and conveying the target holder by remote control; (v) a first cooling system sealingly engaged with the converter component for circulation of a coolant fluid therethrough; and (vi) a second cooling system sealingly engaged with the target irradiation component for circulation of a coolant fluid therethrough.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing 99Mo from a plurality of 100Mo targets through a photo-nuclear reaction on the 100Mo targets. The apparatus comprises: (i) an electron linear accelerator component; (ii) an energy converter component capable of receiving the electron beam and producing therefrom a shower of bremsstrahlung photons; (iii) a target irradiation component for receiving the shower of bremsstrahlung photons for irradiation of a target holder mounted and positioned therein. The target holder houses a plurality of 100Mo target discs. The apparatus additionally comprises (iv) a target holder transfer and recovery component for receiving, manipulating and conveying the target holder by remote control; (v) a first cooling system sealingly engaged with the energy converter component for circulation of a coolant fluid therethrough; and (vi) a second cooling system sealingly engaged with the target irradiation component for circulation of a coolant fluid therethrough.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing 99Mo from a plurality of 100Mo targets through a photo-nuclear reaction on the 100Mo targets. The apparatus comprises: (i) an electron linear accelerator component; (ii) a converter component capable of receiving the electron beam and producing therefrom a shower of bremsstrahlung photons; (iii) a target irradiation component for receiving the shower of bremsstrahlung photons for irradiation of a target holder mounted and positioned therein. The target holder houses a plurality of 100Mo target discs. The apparatus additionally comprises (iv) a target holder transfer and recovery component for receiving, manipulating and conveying the target holder by remote control; (v) a first cooling system sealingly engaged with the converter component for circulation of a coolant fluid therethrough; and (vi) a second cooling system sealingly engaged with the target irradiation component for circulation of a coolant fluid therethrough.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing 99Mo from a plurality of 100Mo targets through a photo-nuclear reaction on the 100Mo targets. The apparatus comprises: (i) an electron linear accelerator component; (ii) an energy converter component capable of receiving the electron beam and producing therefrom a shower of bremsstrahlung photons; (iii) a target irradiation component for receiving the shower of bremsstrahlung photons for irradiation of a target holder mounted and positioned therein. The target holder houses a plurality of 100Mo target discs. The apparatus additionally comprises (iv) a target holder transfer and recovery component for receiving, manipulating and conveying the target holder by remote control; (v) a first cooling system sealingly engaged with the energy converter component for circulation of a coolant fluid therethrough; and (vi) a second cooling system sealingly engaged with the target irradiation component for circulation of a coolant fluid therethrough.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing 99Mo from a plurality of 100Mo targets through a photo-nuclear reaction on the 100Mo targets. The apparatus comprises: (i) an electron linear accelerator component; (ii) a converter component capable of receiving the electron beam and producing therefrom a shower of bremsstrahlung photons; (iii) a target irradiation component for receiving the shower of bremsstrahlung photons for irradiation of a target holder mounted and positioned therein. The target holder houses a plurality of 100Mo target discs. The apparatus additionally comprises (iv) a target holder transfer and recovery component for receiving, manipulating and conveying the target holder by remote control; (v) a first cooling system sealingly engaged with the converter component for circulation of a coolant fluid therethrough; and (vi) a second cooling system sealingly engaged with the target irradiation component for circulation of a coolant fluid therethrough.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing 99Mo from a plurality of 100Mo targets through a photo nuclear reaction on the 100Mo targets. The apparatus comprises: (i) an electron linear accelerator component; (ii) an energy converter component capable of receiving the electron beam and producing therefrom a shower of bremsstrahlung photons; (iii) a target irradiation component for receiving the shower of bremsstrahlung photons for irradiation of a target holder mounted and positioned therein, The target holder houses a plurality of 100Mo target discs. The apparatus additionally comprises (iv) a target holder transfer and recovery component for receiving, manipulating and conveying the target holder by remote control; (v) a first cooling system sealingly engaged with the energy converter component for circulation of a coolant fluid therethrough; and (vi) a second cooling system sealingly engaged with the target irradiation component for circulation of a coolant fluid therethrough.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a differential filter is configured using a differential operational amplifier (op-amp) with two feedback RC networks, each RC network coupled between a respective input and a respective output of the op-amp. Two capacitive elements may each provide mid-band positive feedback from a respective output of the op-amp to the midpoint of a respective corresponding resistive element, where each resistive element is coupled to a respective input of the op-amp. The mid-band positive feedback may operate to convert a first-order response of the filter to a second-order response. In one set of embodiments, dielectric absorption (DA) cancellation may be implemented with positive RC feedback from a divided version of a respective one of the op-amp outputs. For cascaded filters, DA cancellation may be implemented with positive RC feed-forward.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a programmable gain instrumentation amplifier (PGIA) comprises a pair of current conveyors, each current conveyor having a respective sense node and a respective voltage input, with a gain-setting resistor coupled between the respective sense nodes, and current being sensed on both sides of the gain setting resistor. In one embodiment, each current conveyor comprises a corresponding operational amplifier (op-amp) having a non-inverting input configured as the respective voltage input that may receive a respective input voltage signal, an output and an inverting input, with a respective current conveying element, which may be a FET, configured in a feedback loop between the output and the inverting input. Each current conveyor may be configured to sense a corresponding current flowing through its respective FET, with the corresponding currents forming a differential output current of the PGIA.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a programmable gain instrumentation amplifier comprises an input stage configured with a differential precision current conveyor circuit. The current conveyor circuit may be implemented with operational amplifiers coupled to gain-setting resistors, with double-multiplexers configured on each end of the gain-setting resistors. In a first set of embodiments, the double-multiplexers may be bootstrapped, whereby the power supplies of each double-multiplexer may track the signals on the output pin of a respective sense-multiplexer component of the double-multiplexer. In a second set of embodiments, the power supplies may alternatively track the op-amp differential output during non-overload conditions, or the op-amp common-mode output at a gain resistor center tap during overload conditions. Corresponding bootstrap circuits may be designed for both sets of embodiments, the bootstrap circuits coupling to the respective tracking node or nodes in either case.

Abstract: A PGIA for use in measurement devices (e.g., data acquisition device) including a composite amplifier for level shifting and improved signal-to-noise ratio. The composite amplifier may level shift from a constant common mode voltage to a lower common mode voltage with a large voltage swing. The large output signal swing of the PGIA may allow excellent signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, input op-amps of the PGIA may be bootstrapped so that their supply rails move according to an input signal of the PGIA. The PGIA may also include protection circuitry to protect components from damage, e.g., due to over-current conditions, and to keep all op-amps in proper closed loop operation. Furthermore, the PGIA may include DA compensation circuitry to cancel some dielectric absorptions effects and improve a step response of the PGIA and CMRR enhancement circuitry to increase symmetry at inputs of the PGIA and improve a CMRR associated with the PGIA.

Abstract: A calibration unit and technique for calibrating A/D systems (e.g., data acquisition devices) using a pulse-width modulation (PWM) circuit to reduce nonlinearity. The calibration unit may be coupled to an analog-to-digital module (ADM) of the A/D system. The PWM circuit may generate a calibration signal with intentional ripple, which may exercise a region of a transfer curve of the ADM to reduce local nonlinearities in measurements associated with the calibration of the system. Pulse trains of varying frequency and duty cycle may be generated to sweep the PWM circuit through an ADM range and to calculate an ADM linearity correction function, which may be used to perform gain and offset correction with respect to a best-fit line through an ADM transfer curve to reduce large signal nonlinearities. The PWM circuit may include a resistor divider circuit including a plurality of taps to improve the ability to calibrate small input ranges.

Abstract: A PGIA for use in measurement devices (e.g., data acquisition device) having improved dielectric absorption (DA) compensation and common mode rejection ratio (CMRR). When a step function is applied to an input of the PGIA, a first and a second DA compensation circuit may generate DA compensation signals derived from the step function. The DA compensation signals may combine with an original response of the PGIA to cancel some of the dielectric absorptions effects and improve the overall step response of the PGIA. An input stage of the PGIA may include a CMRR enhancement circuit to increase symmetry at the inputs of the PGIA. The CMRR enhancement circuit may delay an input signal received at a negative input terminal a particular amount such that it is in phase with an input signal received at a positive input terminal of the PGIA, to improve the CMRR.