Abstract: Azo dyes of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently denote hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy,R.sup.4 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl andR.sup.5 denotes C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkyl which is substituted by hydroxy and may be interrupted by 1, 2 or 3 oxygen atoms,provided that the total number of carbon atoms in the radicals R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 is at least 5,mineral oils containing one or more of said novel dyes and the use of said dyes for marking mineral oils.

Abstract: Wood stains contain in addition to a colorant and a solvent at least one stabilizer against the action of light, oxygen and heat on the wood treated with the wood stain, said stabilizer containing at least one structural element of the formula I ##STR1## where X is oxygen or nitrogen.

Abstract: Marked mineral oils containing basic dyes which have at least two, optionally substituted, amino groups and which, on addition of a protogenic acid and, optionally, a metal halide, experience a bathochromic shift of their absorption maximum and an increase in absorbance, and a method of marking mineral oils with basic dyes.

Abstract: Specific sulfonamidocarboxylic acids in the form of the alkali metal or alkanolamine salts are used as corrosion inhibitors in aqueous systems.

Abstract: Crosslinked, finely divided, water-absorbing polymers are prepared in a batchwise process by copolymerization of 100 parts by weight of a monomer mixture of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, each of which is neutralized with from 0 to 100 mol% of an alkali metal or ammonium base,or acrylamide, methacrylamide or N-vinylpyrrolidone with, as a crosslinking agent, from 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of a monomer containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated double bonds in 20-80% by weight aqueous solution in the presence of an initiator in a multistage procedure in a batchwise mixing apparatus wih constant thorough mixing in all stages, in the first stage the aqueous monomer solution being copolymerized at from 45.degree. to 95.degree. C. and under from 0.1 to 0.8 bar with removal of some of the water by distillation, in the second stage the copolymerization being completed at from 100.degree. to 170.degree. C.

Abstract: Sulfatobetaines are prepared by reacting an addition compound of sulfur trioxide and a tertiary amine with an alkylene carbonate.

Abstract: Sulfatobetaines are prepared by reacting an adduct of a base having a tertiary N atom and sulfur trioxide with an alkylene oxide in the presence of an alkylene carbonate as a solvent.

Abstract: Finely divided, gel-like crosslinked polymers are prepared by a continuous method in which a monomer mixture which contains, per 100 parts by weight of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, from 50 to 100 mol % of which in each case are neutralized, acrylamide, methacrylamide or N-vinylpyrrolidone, from 0 to 30 parts by weight of other water-soluble monoethylenically unsaturated monomers and from 0 to 20 parts by weight of water-insoluble monoethylenically unsaturated monomers is copolymerized with from 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent, in 20-65% strength by weight aqueous solution in the presence of an initiator at from 45.degree. to 95.degree. C.

Abstract: Foam is controlled in the sugar industry and yeast industry by a process in which oxyalkylation products of the formula IR--O--(X.sub.1).sub.n --(X.sub.2).sub.m --(X.sub.3).sub.p --Zwhere R is alkyl of 6 to 22 carbon atoms or alkylphenyl where alkyl is of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, X.sub.1 and X.sub.3 are ethylene oxide units, n and p are each from 0 to 15 and the sum of n and p is not less than 2, the groups X.sub.2 are propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide units, m is from 0 to 15 and Z is straight-chain or branched alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, allyl or benzyl, having a turbidity point of <75.degree. C., are used as antifoams.

Abstract: Bead polymers are prepared by reverse suspension polymerization by a process in which an aqueous solution of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers are polymerized in an aliphatic hydrocarbon using an inorganic suspending agent based on a modified finely divided mineral and, in addition, from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the monomers used, of a nonionic surfactant, in the presence of a polymerization initiator, with the formation of a water-in-oil polymer suspension.

Abstract: A liquid preservative for plated or unplated metal surfaces and surfaces of coatings, in the form of an aqueous wax dispersion which contains a special ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer wax, consisting of from 8 to 25% by weight of acrylic acid units and from 92 to 75% by weight of ethylene units, in partially or completely neutralized form, if appropriate as a mixture with waxes based on polyethylene oxidation products and/or hydrocarbon waxes, the use of this special ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer wax for preserving plated or unplated metal surfaces and surfaces of coatings, and a process for temporarily preserving metal surfaces and surfaces of coatings.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where X is a 5-membered heterocyclic structure from the oxazole, oxadiazole, thiazole, thiadiazole, imidazole or triazole series, Y is a radical of the formula ##STR2## the rings A, B and C can be further substituted and can be fused to a benzene ring, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen are piperidino, pyrrolidino or morpholino, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl or arylsulfonyl, and R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl or cycloalkyl, are particularly useful as dyes in liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: The invention relates to copolymers as ingredients for detergents and cleaning agents, which contain monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids, their hydroxyalkyl esters and, if appropriate, other ethylenically unsaturated compounds as monomer units, and are distinguished by a particular calicum-binding and magnesium-binding capacity, detergents and cleaning agents containing these copolymers, and their use in detergents and cleaning agents, in particular as sequestering agents and anti-redeposition agents.

Abstract: In an aqueous acidic plating bath for the electrolytic deposition of zinc, which contains conventional conductive salts, brighteners and surfactants, one of the surfactants is a surfactant of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, R.sup.2 is identical to R.sup.1 or is hydrogen, X and Y are each a radical --SO.sub.3 H, where the hydrogen atom can be replaced by an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal atom or by one equivalent of zinc and n is an integer from 5 to 50.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## where B.sup.2 and B.sup.2 independently of one another are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl which may or may not be interrupted by oxygen or sulfur and is unsubstituted by hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylmercapto, cyano, phenylmercapto (which is unsubstituted by chorine or methyl), unsubstituted or substituted carbamoyl or a carboxylic acid ester group, benzyl or phenylethyl which are unsubstituted or substituted in the ring by chlorine, bromine, methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy, phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, methoxy, ethoxy, methyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylmercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanoylamino or amino, unsubstituted or substituted carbamoyl or a carboxylic acid ester group,B.sup.2 may in addition be cyano, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkanoyl, benzoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by chlorine, methyl, methoxy or ethoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where B is oxygen, sulfur, imino or >N--R.sup.1, the ring A may be substituted, and R, Y.sup.1 to Y.sup.4 and Z are conventional dye substituents.The compounds according to the invention give brilliant, very fast dyeings on polyesters and mass-colorations of plastics.

Abstract: Dyes of the formula: ##STR1## in which Z is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl or a radical of the formula ##STR2## Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3 and Z.sup.4 are hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl;Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 or Z.sup.3 and Z.sup.4 may together with the nitrogen form a heterocyclic ring;Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 together with the nitrogen may be a saturated unsubstituted or substituted 5-membered or 6-membered ring condensed on in the ortho-position to the nitrogen;B is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; andX is imino or oxygen.The dyes give brilliant yellow dyeings having good fastness properties on textile materials, particularly polyester materials, and in plastics.