Abstract: A method, computer program product and system to generate higher resolution geospatial images is provided. A processor receives time sequenced spatial data images at a first resolution. A processor determines from the plurality of spatial data images physics laws applicable to the spatial data images. A processor subdivides each of the plurality of spatial data images into a plurality of small spatial region images. A processor solves each of the physics laws in each of the small spatial region images. A processor trains a neural network to apply each of the physics laws to each small spatial region image by applying a regional physics law loss function. A processor determines the most applicable regional physics law based on the difference between the small spatial region image and the image predicted for that region by the physics law. A processor generates a second higher-resolution image than the first resolution.

Abstract: According to certain aspects of the present disclosure, a device is provided. The device includes a thin film of cobalt. A platinum layer is disposed on the thin film of cobalt. An aluminum layer is disposed on the platinum layer. The aluminum layer disposed on the platinum layer encapsulates the thin film of cobalt. A plurality of electrical contacts is in electrical communication with the thin film of cobalt. Two electrical contacts of the plurality of electrical contacts are configured to receive a write-current therebetween. Four electrical contacts of the plurality of contacts are configured for reading a 4-point resistance.

Abstract: The disclosed 2-D resistance tomographic imaging method optimizes computation speed for performing electrical impedance tomography using a model-space with a minimal number of orthonormal polynomial basis functions to describe discernable features in the 2-D resistance tomographic image, determining a minimal number of contacts to take fewer measurements than available information based on the number of basis functions, selecting a subset of rows of a matrix of calculated sensitivity coefficients to form a square Jacobian matrix for a linearized forward problem to be solved and inversion of the linear forward problem, and solving an inverse problem based on the square Jacobian matrix by performing at least one iteration of a Newton's method solve.

Abstract: Systems and methods include an electrical switch that establishes a first electrical conducting path between terminals of an electrical measurement apparatus through one or more electrical leads and an electrically-conductive sample in a first state, and a second electrical conducting path between the terminals through the one or more electrical leads while bypassing the sample in a second state. A voltage VS+L is measured across all of the sample and the one or more electrical leads in the first state, while a voltage VL is measured across the one or more electrical leads while bypassing the sample in the second state. Calculations according to the equation VS=VS+L?VL are performed to determine a precision DC voltage measurement of a voltage across the sample VS in the absence of Seebeck voltage offsets contributed by the one or more electrical leads.

Abstract: Systems and methods include an electrical switch that establishes a first electrical conducting path between terminals of an electrical measurement apparatus through one or more electrical leads and an electrically-conductive sample in a first state, and a second electrical conducting path between the terminals through the one or more electrical leads while bypassing the sample in a second state. A voltage VS+L is measured across all of the sample and the one or more electrical leads in the first state, while a voltage VL is measured across the one or more electrical leads while bypassing the sample in the second state. Calculations according to the equation VS=VS+L?VL are performed to determine a precision DC voltage measurement of a voltage across the sample VS in the absence of Seebeck voltage offsets contributed by the one or more electrical leads.

Abstract: The disclosed 2-D and 3-D tomographic resistance imaging method improves tomographic resistance image resolution by adopting an orthogonal basis with the maximum number of elements N to describe the maximum resolution resistivity map ?(r), where this number of elements N is set according to the number of electrodes Q; by defining the orthogonal basis according to any known constraints in the problem, thereby enhancing the resolution where it is needed; by positioning electrodes to be sensitive to these basis functions; and by choosing current I and voltage V contact electrode pairs that maximize signal-to-noise ratio.