Abstract: A cell includes a membrane and an actuating layer. The membrane includes a first membrane subpart and a second membrane subpart, wherein the first membrane subpart and the second membrane subpart are opposite to each other. The actuating layer is disposed on the first membrane subpart and the second membrane subpart. The first membrane subpart includes a first anchored edge which is fully or partially anchored, and edges of the first membrane subpart other than the first anchored edge are non-anchored. The second membrane subpart includes a second anchored edge which is fully or partially anchored, and edges of the second membrane subpart other than the second anchored edge are non-anchored.

Abstract: An electro-optic device includes a first electrode, an active layer formed over and electrically connected with the first electrode, a buffer layer formed over and electrically connected with the active layer, and a second electrode formed directly on the buffer layer. The second electrode includes a plurality of nanowires interconnected into a network of nanowires. The buffer layer provides a physical barrier between the active layer and the plurality of nanowires to prevent damage to the active layer while the second electrode is formed.

Abstract: A utility knife includes a handle having a rod slidably engaged in the front portion. A knife blade is engaged between two boards. A plate is secured to the boards and has a rear portion for engaging with the rod. A spring biases the rod to engage with the plate. The plate may be disengaged from the handle when the rod is moved away from the plate against the spring. The boards are slightly extended outward of the handle for allowing the user to grasp the boards and for disengaging the knife blade from the handle without contacting with the knife blade.