Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a stable aqueous copolymer dispersion by free-radically initiated aqueous emulsion polymerization of a) from 19.9 to 80 parts by weight of conjugated aliphatic dienes [monomers a)], b) from 19.9 to 80 parts by weight of vinylaromatic compounds [monomers b)], c) from 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or dicarboxylic acids [monomers c)], d) from 0 to 20 parts by weight of ethylenically unsaturated carbonitriles [monomers d)], and e) from 0 to 20 parts by weight of copolymerizable compounds other than monomers b) [monomers e)], the total amount of ethylenically unsaturated monomers a) to e) being 100 parts by weight, in the presence of water and from 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an aqueous polymer dispersion by means of radically initiated aqueous emulsion polymerisation of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer in a polymerisation container comprising an external circuit leading away from said polymerisation container and back thereto.

Abstract: A polymer dispersion is prepared by free radical polymerization of an aqueous monomer emulsion by a process in which the monomer emulsion is prepared continuously at the rate of consumption.

Abstract: Described is a method of producing an aqueous polymer dispersion, the method calling for further polymerization of the dispersion using a radical mechanism redox initiator system including as the reducing agent the addition compound obtained between a lower ketone and hydrogen sulphite.

Abstract: Paper coating slips contain an emulsion copolymer, comprising overallfrom 0 to 60% by weight of a vinylaromatic,from 40 to 95% by weight of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl (meth)acrylate,from 5 to 40% by weight of an alkenylnitrile,from 0 to 10% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated acid andfrom 0 to 20% by weight of further monomersas a binder, wherein the emulsion copolymer is a mixture of at least two polymers or an emulsion copolymer comprising at least two stages, one polymer or one stage whose content in the emulsion copolymer is from 10 to 75% by weight containing at least 90% by weight of the total amount of alkenylnitrile (alkenylnitrile-rich polymer or stage).

Abstract: Nickelized shaped articles are produced by electrodeposition of nickel from aqueous acidic baths containing as essential constituents one or more nickel salts, one or more inorganic acids and at least two brighteners by using as brighteners a mixture ofA) from 2 to 98% by weight of one or more cyclic N-allylammonium or N-vinylammonium compounds I ##STR1## where the nitrogen atom is part of a pyridine, quinoline or isoquinoline ring system which may additionally carry one or two C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl substituents or halogen atoms,R.sup.1, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl,R.sup.2 is hydrogen or methyl,m is from 0 to 4,n is from 1 to 4, andX.sup..crclbar. is an n-valent inorganic or organic anion which promotes solubility in water, andB) from 98 to 2% by weight of one or more acetylenically unsaturated compounds IIR.sup.4 --C.tbd.C--R.sup.5 (II)where R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are identical or different and each is C.sub.1 - to C.sub.

Abstract: The production of shining shaped articles coated with zinc or a zinc alloy by electrodeposition of zinc or a zinc alloy from acidic aqueous electrolytic baths which contain as essential components one or more zinc salts and, where appropriate, salts of the other alloy metals, one or more conducting salts, one or more surfactants and one or more brighteners, entails employing as brighteners compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylamino or di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylamino,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, phenyl, benzyl or the meanings of R.sup.1, andAr is phenyl or naphthyl which can additionally be substituted by one to three C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl groups or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy groups.

Abstract: Heat transfer fluids having high thermal stability are comprised of certain polyether polyols. The heat transfer fluids are used as solder fluids and in metal quenching and tempering baths, in solder reflow or alloying baths, and as lubricants for vulcanizing rubber hose.

Abstract: Polymeric, unquaternized or quaternized condensates which contain piperazine rings bonded via chain members are used as conditioners for the pretreatment of nonmetallic surfaces of moldings before their activation for subsequent chemical metallization. This procedure gives particularly uniform and well adhering metal coatings.

Abstract: Copper is chemically deposited from alkaline aqueous baths containing polyacetal complexing agents obtainable by reacting(a) dialdehydes of the formula ##STR1## and n is 0 or 1, with (b) polyolcarboxylic acids which contain 2 or more OH groups and have from 4 to 7 carbon atoms in a molar ratio of (a):(b) of from 1:0.5 to 1:3.

Abstract: Certain quaternary salts of di- and/or tri-(alkanol)-amines, which salts are soluble in the aqueous bath employed, are used as conditioners for pretreating nonmetallic surfaces of moldings prior to their activation for subsequent chemical metallization.Outstandingly uniform and strongly adhering metal coatings are obtained in this manner.

Abstract: Sulfatobetaines are prepared by reacting an addition compound of sulfur trioxide and a tertiary amine with an alkylene carbonate.

Abstract: Sulfatobetaines are prepared by reacting an adduct of a base having a tertiary N atom and sulfur trioxide with an alkylene oxide in the presence of an alkylene carbonate as a solvent.

Abstract: Enzymes are immobilized by mixing the following components with one another in aqueous solution:(a) an enzyme or a dispersed microorganism,(b) a water-soluble glycidyl ether, prepared by subjecting from 1 to 30 equivalents of an epoxide of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, to an addition reaction with 1 equivalent (based on OH groups) of a polyfunctional alcohol of 2 to 6 carbon atoms or of a mono- or disaccharide to produce an adduct, reacting the adduct with epichlorohydrin and, if required, then carrying out cyclization to give the epoxide, and(c) a water-soluble amine possessing two or more NH groups, if necessary in a partially neutralized form,and allowing the mixture thus obtained to gel.

Abstract: Insoluble polymer powders which are only slightly swellable are prepared by polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone or a mixture of (a) an N-vinylcarboxamide, acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylates, methacrylates and/or a vinyl ester and (b) from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers, of, as a crosslinking agent, a compound possessing two or more ethylenically unsaturated double bonds, in a powder bed in the presence of a heat-transfer medium and in the absence of oxygen and polymerization initiators, at from 90.degree. to 220.degree. C., the powder state being maintained, the reaction mass being circulated and the heat-transfer medium evaporated from the polymerization zone.The resulting polymers are used as adsorbents, as formulation assistants for crop protection agents or as ion exchangers.

Abstract: Insoluble polymer powders which are only slightly swellable and are based on N-vinylpyrrolidone are prepared by polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone or a mixture of this with copolymerizable monomers and from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers, of a crosslinking agent in a powder bed in the presence of a heat-transfer medium, which is inert to the reactants, and in the absence of oxygen and polymerization initiators, at from 90.degree. to 220.degree. C., while maintaining the powder state, circulating the reaction mass and evaporating the heat-transfer medium from the polymerization zone. The resulting insoluble polymers which are only slightly swellable are used as adsorbents or formulation assistants for fertilizers and crop protection agents.

Abstract: A macroporous, hydrophilic enzyme carrier comprises a sulfonated polymer, charged with polyethyleneimine, of from 10 to 100% by weight of divinylbenzene, from 0 to 90% by weight of styrene and from 0 to 20% by weight of a copolymerizable monomer, the polyethyleneimine being neither crosslinked nor covalently bonded to the polymer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an enzymatically active formulation embedded in silica gel, wherein an aqueous mixture of an enzymatically active formulation and a dissolved alkali metal silicate and/or ammonium silicate is suspended in an organic, water-immiscible fluid and then converted to a water-insoluble gel.

Abstract: A macroporous crosslinked styrene resin, used as a carrier for covalently binding proteins, which resin contains isocyanate, thioisocyanate or aldehyde groups as protein-binding groups and may or may not contain sulfonic acid groups--which may also be in the form of the sodium salt or of sulfonic acid amide groups--as hydrophilic groups.The carrier according to the invention is prepared from a sulfochlorinated macroporous crosslinked styrene resin by reacting the sulfonic acid chloride groups with an .alpha.,.omega.-diamino compound, with hydrazine or with an .alpha., .omega.-diamino-diether, converting any sulfonic acid chloride groups which may still be present to free sulfonic acid groups, their sodium salt or a sulfonamide group, and then reacting the terminal amino groups with phosgene, thiophosgene or a diisocyanate in order to produce the binding groups, which in turn fix a biologically active protein by covalent bonds.

Abstract: A macroporous crosslinked sytrene resin, used as a carrier for covalently binding proteins, which resin contains isocyanate, thioisocyanate or aldehyde groups as protein-binding groups and may or may not contain sulfonic acid groups--which may also be in the form of the sodium salt or of sulfonic acid amide groups--as hydrophilic groups.The carrier according to the invention is prepared from a sulfochlorinated macroporous crosslinked styrene resin by reacting the sulfonic acid chloride groups with an .alpha.,.omega.-diamino compound, with hydrazine or with an .alpha.,.omega.-diaminodiether, converting any sulfonic acid chloride groups which may still be present to free sulfonic acid groups, their sodium salt or a sulfonamide group, and then reacting the terminal amino groups with phosgene, thiophosgene or a diisocyanate in order to produce the binding groups, which in turn fix a biologically active protein by covalent bonds.