Abstract: An iterative detection and decoding (IDD) circuit is provided. The iterative detection and decoding (IDD) circuit is configured to perform M outer iterations on a received signal, and Ni inner iterations are performed during the ith outer iteration of the M outer iterations, where M is an integer greater than 1, i is an integer less than or equal to M, and N1 to NM are integers and include at least two different values.

Abstract: An iterative detection and decoding (IDD) circuit is provided. The iterative detection and decoding (IDD) circuit is configured to perform M outer iterations on a received signal, and Ni inner iterations are performed during the ith outer iteration of the M outer iterations, where M is an integer greater than 1, i is an integer less than or equal to M, and N1 to NM are integers and include at least two different values.

Abstract: A method for angle estimation verification, adapted for verifying an estimated angle calculated by an electronic apparatus having an angle estimator and at least three antennas, is provided. The estimated angle is extracted from the angle estimator. An autocorrelation matrix is generated according to a signal vector formed by a plurality of measurements of a received signal received by each of the antennas so as to obtain a plurality of eigenvalues. Among phase difference data generated by a plurality of antenna groups formed by all different combinations of two of the antennas, a plurality of possible estimated angles corresponding to the phase difference data not caused by a coterminal angle effect are calculated. According to the eigenvalues and the possible estimated angles, whether the received signal corresponds to a single target or multiple targets is determined so as to verify the reliability of the estimated angle.

Abstract: A loop gain calibration apparatus has an exciting signal generator, an exciting signal extracting circuit, and a loop gain control circuit. The exciting signal generator generates a first exciting signal and injects the first exciting signal into a timing recovery loop while the timing recovery loop is operating in response to a reception signal received under a normal reception mode. The exciting signal extracting circuit extracts a second exciting signal from the timing recovery loop after the first exciting signal is injected into the timing recovery loop. The loop gain control circuit receives the first exciting signal from the exciting signal generator, receives the second exciting signal from the exciting signal extracting circuit, and controls a loop gain of the timing recovery loop according to the first exciting signal and the second exciting signal.

Abstract: A motion parameter estimating method, an angle estimating method and a determination method are provided. The methods are adapted for an electronic device. In the angle estimating method, a first frequency modulation continuous wave signal is first transmitted, and at least one antenna receives a second frequency modulation continuous wave signal resulted by a target reflecting the first frequency modulation continuous wave signal. Multiple motion parameters associated with the target are then obtained according to the first frequency modulation continuous wave signal and the second frequency modulation continuous wave signal. Multiple measured values corresponding to the at least one antenna are obtained according to the motion parameters and configuration parameters of the at least one antenna, respectively. Afterwards, the measured values are substituted into a formula to obtain an estimated angle between a preset direction of the electronic device and the target.

Abstract: A method for angle estimation verification, adapted for verifying an estimated angle calculated by an electronic apparatus having an angle estimator and at least three antennas, is provided. The estimated angle is extracted from the angle estimator. An autocorrelation matrix is generated according to a signal vector formed by a plurality of measurements of a received signal received by each of the antennas so as to obtain a plurality of eigenvalues. Among phase difference data generated by a plurality of antenna groups formed by all different combinations of two of the antennas, a plurality of possible estimated angles corresponding to the phase difference data not caused by a coterminal angle effect are calculated. According to the eigenvalues and the possible estimated angles, whether the received signal corresponds to a single target or multiple targets is determined so as to verify the reliability of the estimated angle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for identifying a specific number of communicating points having relatively smallest accumulated path values from a plurality of transmitting points for a receiving point in a communication system. The method includes steps of: (a) defining a first coordination of each of the plurality of transmitting points and the receiving point on a complex plane; (b) transferring the first coordination of the receiving point to a second coordination thereof, in which the second coordination of the receiving point is near an origin of the complex plane; and (c) identifying the specific number of transmitting points having relatively smallest accumulated path values based on the second coordination of the receiving point.

Abstract: A motion parameter estimating method, an angle estimating method and a determination method are provided. The methods are adapted for an electronic device. In the angle estimating method, a first frequency modulation continuous wave signal is first transmitted, and at least one antenna receives a second frequency modulation continuous wave signal resulted by a target reflecting the first frequency modulation continuous wave signal. Multiple motion parameters associated with the target are then obtained according to the first frequency modulation continuous wave signal and the second frequency modulation continuous wave signal. Multiple measured values corresponding to the at least one antenna are obtained according to the motion parameters and configuration parameters of the at least one antenna, respectively. Afterwards, the measured values are substituted into a formula to obtain an estimated angle between a preset direction of the electronic device and the target.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for identifying a specific number of communicating points having relatively smallest accumulated path values from a plurality of transmitting points for a receiving point in a communication system. The method includes steps of: (a) defining a first coordination of each of the plurality of transmitting points and the receiving point on a complex plane; (b) transferring the first coordination of the receiving point to a second coordination thereof, in which the second coordination of the receiving point is near an origin of the complex plane; and (c) identifying the specific number of transmitting points having relatively smallest accumulated path values based on the second coordination of the receiving point.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for identifying a specific number of communicating points having relatively smallest accumulated path values from a plurality of transmitting points for a receiving point in a communication system. The method includes steps of: (a) defining a first coordination of each of the plurality of transmitting points and the receiving point on a complex plane; (b) transferring the first coordination of the receiving point to a second coordination thereof, in which the second coordination of the receiving point is near an origin of the complex plane; and (c) identifying the specific number of transmitting points having relatively smallest accumulated path values based on the second coordination of the receiving point.

Abstract: A decoder for underdetermined MIMO systems with low decoding complexity is provided. The decoder consists of two stages: 1. Obtaining all valid candidate points efficiently by slab decoder. 2. Finding the optimal solution by conducting the intersectional operations with dynamic radius adaptation to the candidate set obtained from Stage 1. A reordering strategy is also disclosed. The reordering can be incorporated into the proposed decoding algorithm to provide a lower computational complexity and near-ML decoding performance for underdetermined MIMO systems.

Abstract: A decoder for underdetermined MIMO systems with low decoding complexity is provided. The decoder consists of two stages: 1. Obtaining all valid candidate points efficiently by slab decoder. 2. Finding the optimal solution by conducting the intersectional operations with dynamic radius adaptation to the candidate set obtained from Stage 1. A reordering strategy is also disclosed. The reordering can be incorporated into the proposed decoding algorithm to provide a lower computational complexity and near-ML decoding performance for underdetermined MIMO systems.

Abstract: A converter circuit includes a detecting circuit, a PWM circuit, a control circuit, a switching circuit, and a power converting circuit. The detecting circuit generates a first or a second control signal based on the voltage level of a load. The PWM circuit outputs a power control signal when receiving the first control signal, or stops operations when receiving the second control signal. The control circuit outputs a backlight-off signal when receiving the second control signal, and outputs a backlight-on signal after outputting the backlight-off signal. The switching circuit stops operations when receiving the backlight-off signal, and reactivates the PWM circuit after receiving the backlight-on signal. The power converting circuit provides the voltage for driving the load based on the power control signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for identifying a specific number of communicating points having relatively smallest accumulated path values from a plurality of transmitting points for a receiving point in a communication system. The method includes steps of: (a) defining a first coordination of each of the plurality of transmitting points and the receiving point on a complex plane; (b) transferring the first coordination of the receiving point to a second coordination thereof, in which the second coordination of the receiving point is near an origin of the complex plane; and (c) identifying the specific number of transmitting points having relatively smallest accumulated path values based on the second coordination of the receiving point.

Abstract: A method for calculating equal error protection (EEP) profiles is disclosed. The method uses a profile function related to a sub-channel size to calculate EEP profiles and then uses the EEP profiles to decode data. When a receiver receives a protection level and a size value of the sub-channel size, a corresponding sub-channel size can be rapidly obtained through a reference table of the protection level and the sub-channel size so as to calculate the required EEP profiles. The method in the present invention requires only a few adders/subtractors and shifters or an easily realizable multiplier to calculate the profiles so that the objective of effectively saving cost and rapidly obtaining the profiles is achieved.

Abstract: A power supply system of a light source includes a luminance control unit, luminance adjusting unit, control circuit and voltage transformer. The luminance control unit is for receiving a turn-on signal and outputting a first luminance signal during a predetermined time period. The luminance adjusting unit is for outputting a second luminance signal according to an input of a user. The control circuit is for outputting a power control signal according to the first luminance signal and the second luminance signal. The voltage transformer is for outputting an AC voltage for driving a light source according to the power control signal. During the predetermined time period, the control circuit outputs the power control signal according to the first luminance signal and after the predetermined time period, the control circuit outputs the power control signal according to the second luminance signal.

Abstract: A converter circuit includes a detecting circuit, a PWM circuit, a control circuit, a switching circuit, and a power converting circuit. The detecting circuit generates a first or a second control signal based on the voltage level of a load. The PWM circuit outputs a power control signal when receiving the first control signal, or stops operations when receiving the second control signal. The control circuit outputs a backlight-off signal when receiving the second control signal, and outputs a backlight-on signal after outputting the backlight-off signal. The switching circuit stops operations when receiving the backlight-off signal, and reactivates the PWM circuit after receiving the backlight-on signal. The power converting circuit provides the voltage for driving the load based on the power control signal.

Abstract: A multi-lamp driver t disclosed, comprising a power driver coupled to a plurality of lamps to supply power thereto, a feedback circuit coupled to at least one of the lamps to generate a feedback signal, a control circuit coupled between the feedback circuit and the power driver to control the power driver according to an illumination control signal and the feedback signal for total illumination adjustment of the lamps, and at least one switch controlled by the control circuit to turn at least one of the lamps on or off. In a total illumination adjustment of the lamps, the switch turns on or off timely. The difference between the maximum and minimum value of the total illumination of the lamps is thus increased.

Abstract: A power supply system of a light source includes a luminance control unit, luminance adjusting unit, control circuit and voltage transformer. The luminance control unit is for receiving a turn-on signal and outputting a first luminance signal during a predetermined time period. The luminance adjusting unit is for outputting a second luminance signal according to an input of a user. The control circuit is for outputting a power control signal according to the first luminance signal and the second luminance signal. The voltage transformer is for outputting an AC voltage for driving a light source according to the power control signal. During the predetermined time period, the control circuit outputs the power control signal according to the first luminance signal and after the predetermined time period, the control circuit outputs the power control signal according to the second luminance signal.

Abstract: A method for calculating equal error protection (EEP) profiles is disclosed. The method uses a profile function related to a sub-channel size to calculate EEP profiles and then uses the EEP profiles to decode data. When a receiver receives a protection level and a size value of the sub-channel size, a corresponding sub-channel size can be rapidly obtained through a reference table of the protection level and the sub-channel size so as to calculate the required EEP profiles. The method in the present invention requires only a few adders/subtractors and shifters or an easily realizable multiplier to calculate the profiles so that the objective of effectively saving cost and rapidly obtaining the profiles is achieved.