Abstract: Some embodiments include a reticle which includes first pattern features and second pattern features. A first optimal dose of actinic radiation is associated with the first pattern features and a second optimal dose of the actinic radiation is associated with the second pattern features. The second pattern features are larger than the first pattern features. Each of the second pattern features has a configuration which includes a central region laterally surrounded by an outer region, with the central region being of different opacity than the outer region. The configurations of the second pattern features balance the second optimal dose of the actinic radiation to be within about 5% of the first optimal dose of the actinic radiation. Some embodiments include photo-processing methods.

Abstract: Error handling in a telecommunications exchange is performed in a process centralized fashion. Certain objects in each process are defensively programmed to detect and report errors. One error handler object is provided for each process, with the error handler object receiving the error reports, analyzing the reports and specifying error recoveries including a default behavior for recovery from errors based on a default error analysis. In situations where the default analysis and recovery does not adequately address anticipated errors, specialized error analyses and recoveries are designed for and specified by the error handler object.