Abstract: A semiconductor may include an active region, an epitaxial source/drain formed in and extending above the active region, and a first dielectric layer formed over a portion of the active region. The semiconductor may include a first metal gate and a second metal gate formed in the first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer formed over the first dielectric layer and the second metal gate, and a titanium layer, without an intervening fluorine residual layer, formed on the metal gate and the epitaxial source/drain. The semiconductor may include a first metal layer formed on top of the titanium on the first metal gate, a second metal layer formed on top of the titanium layer on the epitaxial source/drain, and a third dielectric layer formed on the second dielectric layer. The semiconductor may include first and second vias formed in the third dielectric layer.

Abstract: An electrochemical test strip, measurement system and method for determining sample content in the reactive region of the electrochemical test strip are presented. The electrochemical test strip comprises an insulator substrate which includes an electrode system disposed thereon. The electrode system includes at least one pair of electrodes. A lower plate which includes a reactive region and a sampling cell is disposed on the insulator substrate. An upper plate is disposed on the lower plate, wherein the at least one pair of electrodes is designed as an electrical loop adjacent to the sampling port.

Abstract: An electrochemical test strip, measurement system and method for determining sample content in the reactive region of the electrochemical test strip are presented. The electrochemical test strip comprises an insulator substrate which includes an electrode system disposed thereon. The electrode system includes at least one pair of electrodes. A lower plate which includes a reactive region and a sampling cell is disposed on the insulator substrate. An upper plate is disposed on the lower plate, wherein the at least one pair of electrodes is designed as an electrical loop adjacent to the sampling port.

Abstract: A semiconductor gate structure is provided having a trench, the trench assembled by a dielectric structure and a stack structure. A first conductive layer may be conformally applied to the dielectric structure and the stack structure. An oxide layer is formed along the first conductive layer and may then be substantially removed from the first conductive layer. In certain gate structures, a conductive fill structure having the first conductive layer and a second conductive layer may be disposed on the stack structure and the dielectric structure.

Abstract: A blocking semiconductor layer minimizes penetration of implant species into a semiconductor layer beneath the blocking semiconductor layer. The blocking semiconductor layer may have grains with relatively fine or small grain sizes and/or may have a dopant in a relatively low concentration to minimize penetration of implant species into the semiconductor layer beneath the blocking semiconductor layer.

Abstract: An image adjusting apparatus is provided for adjusting the color of an image. The image adjusting apparatus includes a converting module, a processing module, an output module, a display module, a measuring module and a computing module. The converting module converts an input image into an image signal. The processing module is coupled with the converting module for adjusting the image signal and generating an output signal according to a gain value. The output module is coupled with the processing module for generating an output image according to the output signal. The display module is coupled with the output module for displaying the output image. The measuring module is coupled with the display module for measuring the output image and generating a measurement. The computing module is coupled with the measuring module and the processing module for generating the gain value according to the measurement.

Abstract: A semiconductor gate structure is provided having a trench, the trench assembled by a dielectric structure and a stack structure. A first conductive layer may be conformally applied to the dielectric structure and the stack structure. An oxide layer is formed along the first conductive layer and may then be substantially removed from the first conductive layer. In certain gate structures, a conductive fill structure having the first conductive layer and a second conductive layer may be disposed on the stack structure and the dielectric structure.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus is provided. The image processing apparatus comprises a converting module, a sampling module, a processing module, a storage module, an output module and a display module. The converting module is used for converting an input image to image data. The sampling module is coupled to the converting module for sampling the image data and generating sampling data. The processing module is coupled to the sampling module for processing the sampling data according a preset process and generating processing data. The storage module is coupled to the processing module for storing the processing data. The output module is coupled to the storage module for retrieving the processing data stored in the storage module and generating an image signal. The display module is coupled to the output module for displaying the image signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an image color compensating apparatus and related method thereof. A color space conversion operation is implemented in a pixel of a source image to convert first image signals corresponding to the pixel to second image signals corresponding to a color space plane. The color space plane comprises a color compensation region. Mathematical operations are implemented in the second image signals to determine where the pixel is located. When the pixel resides in the color compensation region, a compensation operation is implemented in the second image signals. Thus, the pixel approaches a predetermined direction for adjusting the color of the pixel.

Abstract: A clock device is provided for generating a real-time clock. The clock device includes a frequency generator, a measuring module, a setting module and a timing module. The frequency generator generates a frequency signal. The measuring module is coupled to the frequency generator for measuring the frequency signal and generating a measuring frequency value. The setting module is coupled to the measuring module for generating an error setting value corresponding to the measuring frequency value. The timing module is coupled to the frequency generator and the setting module for compensating the frequency signal according to the error setting value and generating the real-time clock.

Abstract: An image adjusting apparatus is provided for adjusting the contrast of an input image. The image adjusting apparatus comprises a transformation module, a memory module, a processing module, an output module and a display module. The transformation module is used for transforming the input image to a plurality of input image values. The memory module is used for pre-storing a plurality of gain curves, wherein each of the gain curves comprises at least one first segment with a first slope and one second segment with a second slope. The processing module is coupled to the transforming module and the memory module for adjusting the plurality of the input image values and generating a plurality of output image values corresponding thereto according to a gain curve. The output module is coupled to the processing module for generating an output image according to the plurality of the output image values. The display module is coupled to the output module for displaying the output image.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a crude extract or extract of Plectranthus Amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng (PA) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is described. The use of the crude extract or extract of Plectranthus Amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng for the manufacture of medicaments for treating rheumatoid arthritis is also described.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus is provided. The image processing apparatus comprises a storage module, a processing module and an output module. The storage module is used for storing an image file. The processing module is coupled to the storage module for performing a coordinate conversion on the image file based on a predetermined manner to generate a converted file, and storing the converted file in the storage module. The output module is coupled to the storage module for reading the converted file from the storage module and processing it to output an image signal.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus is provided. The image processing apparatus comprises a converting module, a sampling module, a processing module, a storage module, an output module and a display module. The converting module is used for converting an input image to image data. The sampling module is coupled to the converting module for sampling the image data and generating sampling data. The processing module is coupled to the sampling module for processing the sampling data according a preset process and generating processing data. The storage module is coupled to the processing module for storing the processing data. The output module is coupled to the storage module for retrieving the processing data stored in the storage module and generating an image signal. The display module is coupled to the output module for displaying the image signal.

Abstract: An image adjusting apparatus is provided for adjusting the color of an image. The image adjusting apparatus includes a converting module, a processing module, an output module, a display module, a measuring module and a computing module. The converting module converts an input image into an image signal. The processing module is coupled with the converting module for adjusting the image signal and generating an output signal according to a gain value. The output module is coupled with the processing module for generating an output image according to the output signal. The display module is coupled with the output module for displaying the output image. The measuring module is coupled with the display module for measuring the output image and generating a measurement. The computing module is coupled with the measuring module and the processing module for generating the gain value according to the measurement.

Abstract: A driving apparatus is provided for driving a display module. The driving apparatus comprises a comparing module, a processing module, and a first converting module. The comparing module is used for comparing an input signal with a feedback signal and generating a comparing signal. The processing module is coupled to the comparing module for processing the comparing signal and generating a processing signal. The first converting module is coupled to the processing module for converting the processing signal to a driving voltage. The driving apparatus drives the display module by the driving voltage.

Abstract: A clock device is provided for generating a real-time clock. The clock device includes a frequency generator, a measuring module, a setting module and a timing module. The frequency generator generates a frequency signal. The measuring module is coupled to the frequency generator for measuring the frequency signal and generating a measuring frequency value. The setting module is coupled to the measuring module for generating an error setting value corresponding to the measuring frequency value. The timing module is coupled to the frequency generator and the setting module for compensating the frequency signal according to the error setting value and generating the real-time clock.

Abstract: The invention relates to an image color compensating apparatus and related method thereof. A color space conversion operation is implemented in a pixel of a source image to convert first image signals corresponding to the pixel to second image signals corresponding to a color space plane. The color space plane comprises a color compensation region. Mathematical operations are implemented in the second image signals to determine where the pixel is located. When the pixel resides in the color compensation region, a compensation operation is implemented in the second image signals. Thus, the pixel approaches a predetermined direction for adjusting the color of the pixel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a crude extract or extract of Plectranthus Amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng (PA) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The present invention also provides a use of the crude extract or extract of Plectranthus Amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng for the manufacture of medicaments for treating rheumatoid arthritis.