Abstract: This invention proposes novel systems, methods and apparatus that utilize smart devices (e.g., smartphones) capable of reading/processing biometric inputs, and wireless communications over secure, short-range wireless channels (e.g., near field communications (NFC)) to securely access websites and cyber-physical system (CPS) entities such as vehicles, rooms and control knobs as well as sensors and smart meters. A user accesses a website on a display terminal or CPS entity by using her smart device to send her biometric credentials to request access for a service, and communicates with either the said terminal or the said CPS entity which is also capable of short-range wireless communications, using secure and short-range wireless channels to ensure the authenticity of the user when using the service.

Abstract: An efficient trap avoidance and shared protection method in a survivable network with shared risk link groups. The invention includes a fast and efficient heuristic algorithm for avoiding traps, an algorithm, which may also be applied effectively to shared SRLG protection. Compared to other existing algorithms, the algorithm embodied in the present invention runs much faster, and yet falls into few traps, and achieves a much higher bandwidth efficiency. This technology can be applied to MPLS, ATM, SONET, WDM, and other high-speed survivable network designs.

Abstract: The present invention provides signaling protocols that enable an integrated cellular relaying system to support a call for a wireless terminal. In embodiments of the invention, the wireless terminal is redirected to a relaying path corresponding to at least one relaying station. A relaying station communicates with the wireless terminal and with other relaying stations. In addition, one of the relaying stations (that is configured in the relaying path) completes the relaying path by communicating with a base transceiver station.

Abstract: This invention proposes unique methods and apparatus for networking low cost low energy sensor nodes. The invention focuses on efficient Media Access Control (MAC) schemes to provide differentiated Quality of Service (QoS) to the sensor nodes in single-hop wireless and wired networks where the source nodes do not have a receiver module. Hence they can only transmit data to a sink but cannot receive any control signals, like an ACK or NAK, from any other node. None of the existing schemes like polling or scheduled transmissions, CSMA or ARQ is thus effective in this type of networks. The proposed scheme provides QoS to the nodes using distributed control by allowing them to transmit each packet an optimal number of times within a given interval.

Abstract: This invention broadly comprises a novel segment protection scheme (survivability framework) for a network, which we refer to as PROMISE (Protection using MultIple SEgments). It combines the best of existing link and path protection schemes (e.g., bandwidth efficiency and fast recovery). The PROMISE approach divides an active path or AP (along which a survivable connection is established) into several, possibly overlapping active segments or ASs, and then protects each AS with a detour called backup segment or BS (instead of protecting the AP as a whole as in path protection schemes). This facilitates the bandwidth sharing not only among the BSs for different APs, but also among those for the same AP. In addition, recovery time can be shortened due to the limited length of each AS and BS. This technology can be applied to MPLS, ATM, SONET, WDM and other high-speed link layers under the evolving G-MPLS framework.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel method to reduce the minimum offset time and pre-transmission delay for data in Optical Burst Switching or Labeled Optical Burst Switching or other packet or burst switched systems, as well as in circuit-switched networks. Under this method, a control packet is relayed as soon as it is determined if bandwidth for the data at the output port(s) can be reserved successfully, greatly speeding up the setup and configuration of the Switching Elements. A control packet is processed by a pipeline with up to 6 stages, and in addition, a control packet is processed using multiple processors at each port to speed up the time taken to determine if bandwidth for the corresponding data at the desired output port(s) can be reserved successful.

Abstract: A method for managing static data traffic of at least one light path in an optical network, comprising the steps of achieving load balanced path routing for the at least one light path, assigning wavelengths to demands of the at least one light path, and, switching the at least one light path according to its assigned wavelength. A method for managing dynamic data traffic of at least one light path in an optical network, comprising the steps of routing the K-shortest path, which has the largest interference length (L), and, assigning waveband with a First-Fit network topology based on band/port number restriction and minimum weight.

Abstract: The invention is an unique control method that maintains the bandwidth efficiency of Optical Burst Switched, Labeled Optical Burst Switched, and other burst or packet switched networks. The invention also combines in a novel manner the delayed Reserve-a-Fixed-Duration (RFD) class of switching techniques and special classes of slow Switching Elements.

Abstract: An integrated architecture called LOBS using enhanced/extended MPLS as a control plane and OBS as a switching paradigm that avoids optical/electrical/optical conversion of data at intermediate nodes is proposed. The structure of a LOBS node and the AP interface between an edge LOBS node and protocol data unit devices such as electronic LSR's are proposed, so are the structure of a LOBS control packet, burst assembly/disassembly methods, methods for fault detection/localization and recovering from lost bursts, and LOBS specific information for distribution using extended IGP protocols for traffic engineering.

Abstract: A method for managing static data traffic of at least one light path in an optical network, comprising the steps of achieving load balanced path routing for the at least one light path, assigning wavelengths to demands of the at least one light path, and, switching the at least one light path according to its assigned wavelength. A method for managing dynamic data traffic of at least one light path in an optical network, comprising the steps of routing the K-shortest path, which has the largest interference length (L), and, assigning waveband with a First-Fit network topology based on band/port number restriction and minimum weight.

Abstract: A method consisting of the application of several novel algorithms to reduce contention and loss rates at remote (downstream) nodes Labeled Optical Burst Switched (LOBS), Optical Burst Switched (OBS), Optical Packet Switched (OPS) or other networks having buffer memory at an ingress nodes and optionally having buffer memory, FDLs or other signal delay devices at intermediate (downstream) nodes. Contention and loss are reduced by delaying locally assembled bursts beyond the pre-determined offset time using the electronic memory available at the ingress nodes, or delaying transit bursts using fiber delay lines (FDLs) even though there is no contention without using FDLs at all or a smaller delay is sufficient to avoid contention at this intermediate node. Compared to existing algorithms that address contention locally (or reactively), the proposed algorithms significantly reduce the burst loss rate.

Abstract: The present invention provides signaling protocols that enable an integrated cellular relaying system to support a call for a wireless terminal. In embodiments of the invention, the wireless terminal is redirected to a relaying path corresponding to at least one relaying station. A relaying station communicates with the wireless terminal and with other relaying stations. In addition, one of the relaying stations (that is configured in the relaying path) completes the relaying path by communicating with a base transceiver station.

Abstract: This invention broadly comprises a novel segment protection scheme (survivability framework) for a network, which we refer to as PROMISE (Protection using MultIple SEgments). It combines the best of existing link and path protection schemes (e.g., bandwidth efficiency and fast recovery). The PROMISE approach divides an active path or AP (along which a survivable connection is established) into several, possibly overlapping active segments or ASs, and then protects each AS with a detour called backup segment or BS (instead of protecting the AP as a whole as in path protection schemes). This facilitates the bandwidth sharing not only among the BSs for different APs, but also among those for the same AP. In addition, recovery time can be shortened due to the limited length of each AS and BS. This technology can be applied to MPLS, ATM, SONET, WDM and other high-speed link layers under the evolving G-MPLS framework.

Abstract: A method consisting of the coordinated application of novel ways to format and assemble bursts, route them, make/release bandwidth reservation, and in addition, provide for failure recovery and contention resolution among priority classes of packets and bursts within Optical Burst Switched, Labeled Optical Burst Switched, Labeled Analog Burst Switched, and other bufferless, burst switched networks.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dynamically balancing the load among different cells in a cellular phone system in a cost-effective way is disclosed. The method for establishing a connection between a first mobile host and a second mobile host comprises: identifying a first relaying station in communication range of the first mobile host, identifying a communication path between the first relaying station and the second mobile host, establishing a connection between the first mobile host and the first relaying station, and establishing a connection between the first relaying station and the second mobile host. The present invention also comprises a method for establishing a connection between a first mobile host and a second mobile host within a system having a limited number of primary frequencies, and an apparatus for performing the above-identified methods.

Abstract: An integrated network architecture called Labeled Analog Burst Switching (LABS) using enhanced/extended MPLS as a control plane and extended Optical Burst Switching as a switching paradigm that avoids the need for buffer memory or other data delay devices at intermediate nodes is proposed. The structure of a LABS node and the AP interface between an edge LABS node and protocol data unit devices such as electronic LSR's are proposed, so are the structure of a LABS control packet, burst assembly/disassembly methods, methods for fault detection/localization and recovering from lost bursts, and LABS specific information for distribution using extended IGP protocols for traffic engineering.

Abstract: The invention is a novel and efficient distributed control scheme for dynamic allocation and de-allocation of bandwidth.

Abstract: The invention is an unique control method that maintains the bandwidth efficiency of Optical Burst Switched, Labeled Optical Burst Switched, and other burst or packet switched networks. The invention also combines in a novel manner the delayed Reserve-a-Fixed-Duration (RFD) class of switching techniques and special classes of slow Switching Elements.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel method to reduce the minimum offset time and pre-transmission delay for each data burst in Optical Burst Switching or Labeled Optical Burst Switching or other packet or burst switched systems. Under this method, the control packet is relayed as soon as it is determined if bandwidth for the data burst at the data burst output port(s) can be reserved successfully, greatly speeding up the setup and configuration of the Switching Element.

Abstract: An integrated architecture called LOBS using enhanced/extended MPLS as a control plane and OBS as a switching paradigm that avoids optical/electrical/optical conversion of data at intermediate nodes is proposed. The structure of a LOBS node and the AP interface between an edge LOBS node and protocol data unit devices such as electronic LSR's are proposed, so are the structure of a LOBS control packet, burst assembly/disassembly methods, methods for fault detection/localization and recovering from lost bursts, and LOBS specific information for distribution using extended IGP protocols for traffic engineering.