Abstract: A method for generating a layout of a Josephson junction array includes obtaining an original script, in which geometric and action parameters are defined in the original script, the geometric parameters comprise a first structural parameter and a second structural parameter, the action parameters comprise an initial position parameter and a connection parameter; obtaining a first parameter value, a second parameter value, an initial position value, and a connection parameter value; in the original script, respectively assigning the first parameter value, the second parameter value, the initial position value, and the connection parameter value to the first structural parameter, the second structural parameter, the initial position parameter, and the connection parameter, so as to obtain a target script; and performing the target script to obtain a layout of a Josephson junction array having multiple connected Josephson junctions.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems include acquiring initial environmental information corresponding to a superconducting qubit received from a superconducting circuit, the superconducting circuit being in an environment; determining first environmental information corresponding to the superconducting qubit in response to a quantum energy level of the superconducting qubit being a first preset energy level; determining second environmental information corresponding to the superconducting qubit in response to the quantum energy level of the superconducting qubit being a second preset energy level; determining effective environmental information based on the first environmental information and the second environmental information; and determining arbitrary-order correlation information for identifying an environmental noise based on the effective environmental information and the initial environmental information.

Abstract: A method for preparing multi-superconducting material layers includes: depositing a first superconducting material layer on a substrate, the first superconducting material layer being formed by covering a first superconducting material in a first target region range with a first hard mask in the first target region range; depositing a second superconducting material on the substrate deposited with the first superconducting material layer; covering the second superconducting material with a second hard mask; and performing etching treatment on the second hard mask and the second superconducting material to obtain a second superconducting material layer formed by covering the second superconducting material in a second target region range with the second hard mask in the second target region range.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and devices for Josephson junction preparation includes: obtaining a first pattern structure for generating a first Josephson junction of a first type and a plurality of second pattern structures for generating a plurality of second Josephson junctions of a second type; evaporating a material on the first pattern structure and the plurality of second pattern structures based on a first evaporation direction to generate a first electrode layer for implementing information transmission; forming an insulating layer on the first electrode layer, the insulating layer including a compound corresponding to the material; evaporating the material on the first pattern structure and the plurality of second pattern structures based on a second evaporation direction to generate a second electrode layer for implementing information transmission; and forming the first Josephson junction and the plurality of second Josephson junctions.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems include acquiring initial environmental information corresponding to a superconducting qubit received from a superconducting circuit, the superconducting circuit being in an environment; determining first environmental information corresponding to the superconducting qubit in response to a quantum energy level of the superconducting qubit being a first preset energy level; determining second environmental information corresponding to the superconducting qubit in response to the quantum energy level of the superconducting qubit being a second preset energy level; determining effective environmental information based on the first environmental information and the second environmental information; and determining arbitrary-order correlation information for identifying an environmental noise based on the effective environmental information and the initial environmental information.

Abstract: A hard mask includes a silicon oxide layer provided on a bare silicon wafer; and a silicon nitride layer provided on the silicon oxide layer, wherein the silicon nitride is provided with a first pattern, the silicon oxide layer is provided with a second pattern corresponding to the first pattern, the first pattern and the second pattern have different shapes, and the first pattern and the second pattern are configured to assist in forming a Josephson junction on the bare silicon wafer.

Abstract: A hard mask includes a silicon oxide layer provided on a bare silicon wafer; and a silicon nitride layer provided on the silicon oxide layer, wherein the silicon nitride is provided with a first pattern, the silicon oxide layer is provided with a second pattern corresponding to the first pattern, the first pattern and the second pattern have different shapes, and the first pattern and the second pattern are configured to assist in forming a Josephson junction on the bare silicon wafer.

Abstract: A method and a device for preparing an inductance element, an inductance element, and a superconducting circuit are provided. The method includes acquiring a compound for preparing an inductance element, a superconducting coherence length and a magnetic field penetration depth of the compound meeting a preset condition; and annealing the compound to cause decomposition between a non-superconductor phase and a superconductor phase in the compound to generate the inductance element, the kinetic inductance of the inductance element being greater than the geometric inductance of the inductance element.

Abstract: Josephson junctions (JJ) may replace primary inductance of transformers to realize galvanic coupling between qubits, advantageously reducing size. A long-range symmetric coupler may include a compound JJ (CJJ) positioned at least approximately at a half-way point along the coupler to advantageously provide a higher energy of a first excited state than that of an asymmetric long-range coupler. Quantum processors may include qubits and couplers with a non-stoquastic Hamiltonian to enhance multi-qubit tunneling during annealing. Qubits may include additional shunt capacitances, e.g., to increase overall quality of a total capacitance and improve quantum coherence. A sign and/or magnitude of an effective tunneling amplitude ?eff of a qubit characterized by a double-well potential energy may advantageously be tuned. Sign-tunable electrostatic coupling of qubits may be implemented, e.g., via resonators, and LC-circuits. YY couplings may be incorporated into a quantum anneaier (e.g., quantum processor).

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and devices for Josephson junction preparation includes: obtaining a first pattern structure for generating a first Josephson junction of a first type and a plurality of second pattern structures for generating a plurality of second Josephson junctions of a second type; evaporating a material on the first pattern structure and the plurality of second pattern structures based on a first evaporation direction to generate a first electrode layer for implementing information transmission; forming an insulating layer on the first electrode layer, the insulating layer including a compound corresponding to the material; evaporating the material on the first pattern structure and the plurality of second pattern structures based on a second evaporation direction to generate a second electrode layer for implementing information transmission; and forming the first Josephson junction and the plurality of second Josephson junctions.

Abstract: A method and a device for preparing an inductance element, an inductance element, and a superconducting circuit are provided. The method includes acquiring a compound for preparing an inductance element, a superconducting coherence length and a magnetic field penetration depth of the compound meeting a preset condition; and annealing the compound to cause decomposition between a non-superconductor phase and a superconductor phase in the compound to generate the inductance element, the kinetic inductance of the inductance element being greater than the geometric inductance of the inductance element.

Abstract: A hard mask includes a silicon oxide layer provided on a bare silicon wafer; and a silicon nitride layer provided on the silicon oxide layer, wherein the silicon nitride is provided with a first pattern, the silicon oxide layer is provided with a second pattern corresponding to the first pattern, the first pattern and the second pattern have different shapes, and the first pattern and the second pattern are configured to assist in forming a Josephson junction on the bare silicon wafer.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems include acquiring initial environmental information corresponding to a superconducting qubit received from a superconducting circuit, the superconducting circuit being in an environment; determining first environmental information corresponding to the superconducting qubit in response to a quantum energy level of the superconducting qubit being a first preset energy level; determining second environmental information corresponding to the superconducting qubit in response to the quantum energy level of the superconducting qubit being a second preset energy level; determining effective environmental information based on the first environmental information and the second environmental information; and determining arbitrary-order correlation information for identifying an environmental noise based on the effective environmental information and the initial environmental information.

Abstract: Josephson junctions (JJ) may replace primary inductance of transformers to realize galvanic coupling between qubits, advantageously reducing size. A long-range symmetric coupler may include a compound JJ (CJJ) positioned at least approximately at a half-way point along the coupler to advantageously provide a higher energy of a first excited state than that of an asymmetric long-range coupler. Quantum processors may include qubits and couplers with a non-stoquastic Hamiltonian to enhance multi-qubit tunneling during annealing. Qubits may include additional shunt capacitances, e.g., to increase overall quality of a total capacitance and improve quantum coherence. A sign and/or magnitude of an effective tunneling amplitude ?eff of a qubit characterized by a double-well potential energy may advantageously be tuned. Sign-tunable electrostatic coupling of qubits may be implemented, e.g., via resonators, and LC-circuits. YY couplings may be incorporated into a quantum anneaier (e.g., quantum processor).

Abstract: Topologies for analog computing systems are provided. Qubits in the topology are grouped into cells, and cells are coupled to adjacent cells by inter-cell couplers. At least some cells are coupled to non-adjacent cells via long-range couplers. Long-range couplers may be arranged into coverings so that certain sets of qubits within a covering region may be coupled with a reduced number of couplers. Each cell within a covering region without a long-range coupler may be proximate to a cell with a long range coupler so that each cell within the covering region is no more than a certain coupling distance away from a long-range coupler. Long-range couplers may couple over a greater physical distance than inter-cell couplers. Long-range couplers may couple to qubits over a larger coupling region, and may extend across multiple crossing regions between qubits.

Abstract: Topologies for analog computing systems are provided. Qubits in the topology are grouped into cells, and cells are coupled to adjacent cells by inter-cell couplers. At least some cells are coupled to non-adjacent cells via long-range couplers. Long-range couplers may be arranged into coverings so that certain sets of qubits within a covering region may be coupled with a reduced number of couplers. Each cell within a covering region without a long-range coupler may be proximate to a cell with a long range coupler so that each cell within the covering region is no more than a certain coupling distance away from a long-range coupler. Long-range couplers may couple over a greater physical distance than inter-cell couplers. Long-range couplers may couple to qubits over a larger coupling region, and may extend across multiple crossing regions between qubits.