Abstract: A laser excited molecular beam time and frequency standard utilizing a first electromagnetic beam at a first preselected frequency to excite a molecular beam at a first preselected point along the beam in order to produce fluorescence. A second electromagnetic beam (produced from either a different electromagnetic source than utilized to produce the first beam or produced from a portion of the first beam) at a second preselected frequency excites the molecular beam at a second preselected point along the beam to produce fluorescence. By locking the frequency of the first and second electromagnetic beams to specific resonant frequencies, a time and frequency standard can be produced.

Abstract: A safe, radioactive preionization system having a thin metallic film or foil, either placed in front of or deposited on the surface of radioactive sources, in order to isolate the radioactive source from laser discharge regions and to produce copious secondary emission electrons. The film or foil prevents bombardment of the radioactive source by discharge electrons and/or ions. In addition, the secondary emission electrons ejected from the metallic film or foil are more numerous than the radioactive decay particles which produce them and have lower energies. Hence, they are much more efficient preionization agents than the high energy particles emitted by the radioactive source.

Abstract: The generation of controlled, electromagnetic, coherent, microwave radiation from a warm, uniform plasma at approximately twice the electron plasma frequency by means of two oppositely directed streams of high energy electrons and the coupling of the resulting coherent, electromagnetic radiation from a cavity resonator into external circuitry, wherein the two opposing streams of high energy electrons directed into the warm, uniform plasma result in a conversion of electron beam and plasma energies into transverse electromagnetic radiation from 10 to 100 times that which is possible with a single electron beam-plasma system.

Abstract: The generation of controlled, electromagnetic, coherent, microwave radiation from a warm, uniform plasma at approximately twice the plasma frequency by means of a source of high energy electrons being directed into a plasma and coupling the resultant energy from a cavity resonator to external circuitry.