Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine-3,4-diols of the formulae: including the steps of: a) bioxidation of N-protected aminotetraols of the formula: b) deprotection of the corresponding 5-amino-5-deoxy-pentulose of the formula: and c) hydrogenation of the corresponding 5-amino-5-deoxy-pentulose of the formula:

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine-3,4-diols of the formulae comprising the steps of a) biooxidation of N-protected aminotetraols of the formula b) deprotection of the corresponding N-protected 5-amino-5-deoxy-pentulose c) hydrogenation of the corresponding 5-amino-5-deoxy-pentulose.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tamper evident seal for container orifices of the connector type, comprising a closure part. In accordance with the invention, on its bottom side, the closure part has an annular section, whose lower rim area is sealably retained in an annular gap formed in the opening area of the orifice.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for administering a medical fluid comprises a film-sheet pouch of a heat-sealed polymeric material, which includes a first chamber containing medical fluid and a second chamber for receiving used medical fluid, and comprises a cross-over conveying device detachably enclosed within a third chamber of the film-sheet pouch that includes a fluid conduit line, having a first end heat-sealed into the bonded seam defining the first chamber and a second end including a connector coupled to a peritoneal catheter. The apparatus of the present invention also includes at least one shut-off element to control the flow of fluid out of the first chamber into the conduit line.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling a fluid flow includes a housing having a first fitting for connection of a tube and at least one further fitting for detachable securement of a coupling piece of a peritoneal catheter. Accommodated in the housing is a rotary valve which is indexable in predetermined positions to selectively establish a fluid communication between the fittings. Associated with one of the fittings is at least one closure member which is acted upon by the rotary valve for displacement in a radial direction to open and close a passage to the peritoneal catheter.

Abstract: A protective cap assembly for protecting and sealing a tubing used in the field of peritoneal dialysis, includes a plug that is closely fitted in one end of a tubing, and a protective cap which has first connection means for allowing a permanent attachment of the protective cap to the plug, and second connection means for allowing a detachable securement of the protective cap to the tubing.