Abstract: Methods for liquefaction of carbonaceous materials, including methods that use electromagnetic radiation. Systems for liquefaction of carbonaceous materials. The systems may include a circulation conduit for mixing reactants, and/or a heating apparatus that relies on electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals over a two-way satellite communication system is disclosed. A receiving unit receives data from a user terminal. A transmitting unit is coupled to the receiving unit and transmits the data to an antenna. The data is transmitted over a return channel that is established over the satellite to a hub; the hub has connectivity to a packet switched network.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals over a two-way satellite communication system is disclosed. A receiving unit receives data from a user terminal. A transmitting unit is coupled to the receiving unit and transmits the data to an antenna. The data is transmitted over a return channel that is established over the satellite to a hub; the hub has connectivity to a packet switched network.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring the transfer impedance of a structure. Oscillator driver 20 produces a small electrical drive signal into structure 40. Field probe 30 detects the electric field produced by the drive signal and is comprised of a skinny half-dipole and fat half-dipole antenna. Fat half-dipole 34 encloses synchronous detection circuitry. Power supplies are isolated for all components. Base station 10 communicates with oscillator driver 20 and field probe 30 via wireless links 92 and 44 to control the drive signal, the synchronous detection, and to determine the transfer impedance.

Abstract: Time jitter distortion of data pulses is measured by a test set which recovers a median leading and a median trailing edge from the data pulses, defines a point of time reference at the midpoint of the median leading and trailing edges, generates a digital representation of one-half the median pulse interval (i.e., the interval from the reference time to the median pulse edge) and digital representations of the intervals from the reference time to the data pulse edges, and calculates the difference between each data pulse digital representation and the half median pulse digital representation to obtain the distortion of each data pulse. The test set displays digital representations of selected ones of the calculated differences in accordance with a counting algorithm of the number of times that each of the various differences are calculated.