Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of deriving mechanical work from a combustion gas in internal combustion engines and reciprocating internal combustion engines for carrying out the method. The invention includes methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge densities, temperatures, pressures and turbulence in order to produce a true mastery within the power cylinder in order to increase fuel economy, power, and torque while minimizing polluting emissions.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of deriving mechanical work from a combustion gas in internal combustion engines and reciprocating internal combustion engines for carrying out the method. The invention includes methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge densities, temperatures, pressures and turbulence in order to produce a true mastery within the power cylinder in order to increase fuel economy, power, and torque while minimizing. polluting emissions.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of deriving mechanical work from a combustion gas in internal combustion engines and reciprocating internal combustion engines for carrying out the method. The invention includes methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge densities, temperatures, pressures and turbulence in order to produce a true mastery within the power cylinder in order to increase fuel economy, power, and torque while minimizing polluting emissions.

Abstract: Invention of deriving mechanical work from a combustion gas in internal combustion engines and reciprocating internal combustion engines for carrying out the method, including methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge densities, temperatures, pressures and turbulence in order to produce a true mastery within the power cylinder in order to increase fuel economy, power, and torque while minimizing polluting emissions. Methods and apparatuses for, among others, (i) producing an air charge, (ii) controlling the temperature, density and pressure of the air charge, (iii) transferring the air charge to a power cylinder of the engine such that an air charge having a weight and density selected from a range of weight and density levels ranging from below atmospheric weight and density to heavier-than-atmospheric weight and density is introduced into the power cylinder, and (iv) then compressing the air charge at a lower-than-normal compression ratio.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine provides cooler working cycle and, selectively, mean effective cylinder pressure higher than conventional Otto and Miller cycle engine arrangements. According to one embodiment, during each cycle, intake valve is held closed during the initial portion of the intake stroke and then opened and closed. In another embodiment, during each cycle, intake valve opens twice, once opening and closing during the intake stroke and, then opening and closing again. In all embodiments, the last intake valve closing of the cycle is during the compression stroke at a point which captures a charge weight needed to power the engine and at such time that the effective compression ratio of the engine will be less than the expansion ratio. The combustion chambers, engine stroke and/or cylinder bore are selectively sized. An expansion valve is alternately provided to cool entry air, and may have a controllable, variable orifice.