Abstract: An on-line product sampling apparatus and method for measuring product samples from a product stream (12) in a flow line (14) having a sampling aperture (11), includes a sampling tube (18) for containing product samples removed from flow line (14). A piston (22) removes product samples from the product stream (12) through the sampling aperture (11) and returns samples to product stream (12). A sensor (20) communicates with sample tube (18), and senses physical properties of samples while the samples are within sample tube (18). In one embodiment, sensor (20) comprises a hydrogen transient nuclear magnetic resonance sensor for measuring physical properties of hydrogen molecules.

Abstract: A method of using a transient NMR response signal to determine physical properties of gases, specifically calorific content and compressibility, while the gas is in-line. The amplitude of the free induction decay signal, as well as relaxation time constants, are used to identify components of a gas mixture and to determine relative composition. This data is then used to calculate calorific value and compressibility as a function of the hydrogen content of components of the gas rather than as a function of the total hydrogen content of the gas.

Abstract: An improved method for producing high temperature superconductors comprising sintering ceramic superconductor material in a sealed confinement chamber made of non-reactive impervious material, thereby preventing loss of oxygen from the material during heating and eliminating the need for reoxygenation after sintering.