Abstract: Various embodiments comprise a thermally packaged atomic device. The thermally packaged atomic device comprises an atomic vapor cell, a heater, and an enclosure. The atomic vapor cell is located within the enclosure. The heater heats the atomic vapor cell. The enclosure is filled with a gas selected for comprising a thermal conductivity less than air. The gas comprising a thermal conductivity less than air may comprise xenon or krypton. The enclosure surrounds the atomic vapor cell with the gas.

Abstract: Various embodiments comprise a laser bonded glass-silicon vapor cell for performing spectroscopy on particles like atoms or molecules. In some examples, the laser bonded glass-silicon vapor cell comprises a glass base, a glass top, a silicon piece, and a filling material. The silicon piece comprises at least one through hole. The lower surface of the silicon piece is hermetically bonded to the glass base. The upper surface of the silicon piece is laser bonded to the glass top. The filling material is positioned in a cavity formed by the through hole, the glass base, and the glass top. The filling material may comprise an alkali metal, a salt slush, or an inert gas. In some examples the cavity formed by the through hole, the glass base, and the glass top may comprise a vacuum encapsulation.

Abstract: Various embodiments comprise a laser bonded glass-silicon vapor cell for performing spectroscopy on particles like atoms or molecules. In some examples, the laser bonded glass-silicon vapor cell comprises a glass base, a glass top, a silicon piece, and a filling material. The silicon piece comprises at least one through hole. The lower surface of the silicon piece is hermetically bonded to the glass base. The upper surface of the silicon piece is laser bonded to the glass top. The filling material is positioned in a cavity formed by the through hole, the glass base, and the glass top. The filling material may comprise an alkali metal, a salt slush, or an inert gas. In some examples the cavity formed by the through hole, the glass base, and the glass top may comprise a vacuum encapsulation.

Abstract: Various embodiments comprise a laser bonded glass-silicon vapor cell for performing spectroscopy on particles like atoms or molecules. In some examples, the laser bonded glass-silicon vapor cell comprises a glass base, a glass top, a silicon piece, and a filling material. The silicon piece comprises at least one through hole. The lower surface of the silicon piece is hermetically bonded to the glass base. The upper surface of the silicon piece is laser bonded to the glass top. The filling material is positioned in a cavity formed by the through hole, the glass base, and the glass top. The filling material may comprise an alkali metal, a salt slush, an inert gas, or a vacuum encapsulation.