Abstract: Kluyveromyces hosts and DNA expression cassettes for use in Kluyveromyces are provided for transcription of endogenous and/or exogenous DNA, and production of peptides, for enhancing production of an endogenous product, or producing an exogenous product. The Kluyveromyces hosts find particular use for secretion of a desired peptide product, where signal sequences may be native to the peptide or provided from endogenous or exogenous signal sequences, including synthetic sequences, functional in Kluyveromyces. A transformation procedure is provided for efficiently transforming Kluyveromyces.

Abstract: A composite particle comprising at least two polypeptides corresponding to all or part of a protein having the biological activity of one of the hepatitis B surface antigens, wherein the particle presents at least two antigenic determinants provided by the S-protein, preS2-protein or preS1-protein, said particle optionally further comprising host specific lipids. The invention also provides a modified hepatitis B surface antigen L protein which may be used alone or incorporated into such composite particles.A particular embodiment of the modified L protein (L*) comprises residues 12-52 followed by residues 133-145 followed by residues 175-400 of the L protein and a particular embodiment of a composite particle has the form (L*, S) where S is the S-protein of HBsAg.Improved hepatitis B vaccines may be prepared following expression of the above immunogens, especially in yeasts such as S. cerevisiae and Hansenula polymorpha.

Abstract: The structural genes and their regulatory DNA sequences of an alcohol oxidase (MOX) and a dihydroxyacetone synthase (DHAS) of Hansenula polymorpha have been isolated and the nucleotide sequences determined. The invention relates to the use of the MOX gene, as well as the use of the regulatory DNA sequences of MOX and/or DAS in combination with the MOX gene, optionally after modification thereof, or other oxidase genes, or other genes, to produce engineered microorganisms, 0in particular yeasts. Said engineered microorganisms can produce oxidases or other enzymes in yields that allow industrial application on a large scale. Moreover, said engineered microorganisms can produce oxidases having improved properties with respect to their application in oxidation reactions and/or in bleaching and detergent products.

Abstract: The invention relates to construction of specific molecular microcircuits by the use of double and single stranded nucleic acids and specific DNA-binding proteins.

Abstract: The structural genes and their regulatory DNA sequences of an alcohol oxidase (MOX) and a dihydroxyacetone synthase (DHAS) of Hansenula polymorpha have been isolated and the nucleotide sequences determined. The invention relates to the use of the MOX gene, as well as the use of the regulatory DNA sequences of MOX and/or DAS in combination with the MOX gene, optionally after modification thereof, or other oxidase genes, or other genes, to produce engineered microorganisms, in particular yeasts. Said engineered microorganisms can produce oxidases or other enzymes in yields that allow industrial application on a large scale. Moreover, said engineered microorganisms can produce oxidases having improved properties with respect to their application in oxidation reactions and/or in bleaching and detergent products.

Abstract: A new cloning system is described capable of expressing genetic material derived from recombinant DNA material, which comprises a yeast of the genus Kluyveromyces as a host. Suitable vectors are e.g. vectors containing autonomously replicating sequences (ARS) and vectors containing homologous Kluyveromyces DNA acting as a site for recombination with the host chromosome. New and preferred vectors are those containing ARS sequences originating from Kluyveromyces (KARS vectors). The genetically engineered new strains of Kluyveromyces produce, inter alia, lactase and chymosin.