Abstract: We describe a capnometer for detecting a concentration of a component in a gas, wherein said gas is inhaled and/or exhaled by a patient, said capnometer comprising: an air flow region through which said gas passes to and/or from said patient's lung; a mid-IR semiconductor emitter configured to provide IR light at a wavelength in the range 3-5 ?m; a mid-IR semiconductor detector to detect said IR light; a reflector to reflect said IR light emitted by said emitter; wherein said emitter, said detector and said reflector are arranged such that said IR light emitted by said emitter passes through said air flow region via said reflector to said detector. The reflector is selected from a Fresnel reflector and a reflective diffractive optical element, such as a Fresnel zone plate.

Abstract: A system and a method achieve a higher level of stable gain for a cellular telephone booster (repeater) than previously considered to be achievable. An RF signal booster includes active stability control provided by an active stability network. The active stability network decreases the amount of radiated or conducted parasitic signal coupled from the output of an amplifier back to the input of the amplifier. The active stability network allows a higher system gain than would otherwise be achievable. In one embodiment, the active stability network (stabilization network) includes an RF sample coupler, one or more band pass filters, a vector modulator, an RF recombining coupler and an RF detection circuit. An algorithm controls the stabilization network to minimize the amount of parasitic coupled signal from the output of the amplifier back to the input of the amplifier and to maximize the achievable system gain.

Abstract: A system and a method achieve a higher level of stable gain for a cellular telephone booster (repeater) than previously considered to be achievable. An RF signal booster includes active stability control provided by an active stability network. The active stability network decreases the amount of radiated or conducted parasitic signal coupled from the output of an amplifier back to the input of the amplifier. The active stability network allows a higher system gain than would otherwise be achievable. In one embodiment, the active stability network (stabilization network) includes an RF sample coupler, one or more band pass filters, a vector modulator, an RF recombining coupler and an RF detection circuit. An algorithm controls the stabilization network to minimize the amount of parasitic coupled signal from the output of the amplifier back to the input of the amplifier and to maximize the achievable system gain.

Abstract: A system and a method achieve a higher level of stable gain for a cellular telephone booster (repeater) than previously considered to be achievable. An RF signal booster includes active stability control provided by an active stability network. The active stability network decreases the amount of radiated or conducted parasitic signal coupled from the output of an amplifier back to the input of the amplifier. The active stability network allows a higher system gain than would otherwise be achievable. In one embodiment, the active stability network (stabilization network) includes an RF sample coupler, one or more band pass filters, a vector modulator, an RF recombining coupler and an RF detection circuit. An algorithm controls the stabilization network to minimize the amount of parasitic coupled signal from the output of the amplifier back to the input of the amplifier and to maximize the achievable system gain.