Abstract: A machine for filling beer kegs via a movable head which carries a change-over valve in series with a beer inlet valve, the change-over valve being arranged so that during the beer save operation at the end of each filling cycle the beer between the inlet valve and the change-over valve is isolated so that it remains sterile and can be used in the next filling cycle.

Abstract: A method of washing a keg and filling it with beer which comprises giving the keg first and second washes at first and second washing stations, filling the keg with steam and carbon dioxide at the second washing station after washing and then moving the keg to a filling station and filling the keg with beer at said filling station while allowing the carbon dioxide in the keg to escape through a pressure relief valve.

Abstract: In a machine for washing or filling a beer keg via a head having a movable probe to open the valve of the keg closure unit, a complementary magnetic carried by the probe and the head for indicating when the probe is in a fully extended position within the head to open the valve and to seal with the closure unit.

Abstract: A bush for a valved closure unit of the kind used in beer kegs comprising a two-part bush which engages an opening in the keg. One part of the bush which engages the opening, is in the form of a hot brasss stamping or stainless steel or aluminium casting. The other part of the bush is of stainless steel and is held in the first part by an interference fit and/or interfitting ribs and grooves and/or adhesive. The interstices between the parts are sealed by a sealant.

Abstract: A bush for a valved closure unit of the kind used in beer kegs comprises two-parts and when in a unit engages an opening in the keg. One part of the bush which engages the opening, is in the form of a hot brass stamping or stainless steel or aluminium casting. The other part of the bush is of stainless steel and is held in the first part by an interference fit and/or interfitting ribs and grooves and/or adhesive. The interstices between the parts are sealed by a sealant. A closure unit employing such a bush has a valve seat formed by an internal flange on the second member and a valve is guided as it moves towards and away from the seat.