Abstract: A control system includes a timing device to indicate an elapsed time from a time point at inversion of the timing device, and a computer including a transmitter to start transmission of a control signal according to a control scenario determined with a predetermined signal to a predetermined device other than the timing device if switching of the timing device to an operational mode is determined, and to transmit a signal indicating the end of the control for the predetermined device if switching of the timing device to a nonoperational mode is determined. The control system reduces the number of steps of managing tokens, archives, and token passwords by a terminal manager, and further improves the security level of the terminal.

Abstract: An authentication system performs user authentication between a client and a server using a one-time password. Each of the client and the server generates random authentication data. The generated random authentication data is exchanged between the client and the server. In this way, authentication based on a complete random authentication data not using specific one-time password generation logic can be provided. Furthermore, by applying the method for authentication and the method for updating a one-time password according to the present invention, spoofing can be detected even when a password is stolen. As a result, unauthorized access can be prevented.

Abstract: Disclosed is an additional-service communication system in which an additional service for which a request has been issued by a subscriber apparatus is provided to the subscriber apparatus from a provider apparatus by cells via a transmission line. In the communication system, a transmission apparatus is provided between the provider apparatus and the subscriber apparatus. The transmission apparatus generates charge metering cells commensurate with amount of additional-service cells in regard to each subscriber apparatus and transmits these cells to the provider apparatus and subscriber apparatus via the transmission line. The provider apparatus counts the charge metering cells in regard to each subscriber apparatus and calculates the charge due from each subscriber apparatus. The subscriber apparatus counts the charge metering cells, calculates the charge due and displays this charge.