Abstract: A recording medium includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and an image recording layer with insulating properties provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, the image recording layer containing cells each encapsulating at least one of electrophoretic particles or magnetophoretic particles, a dispersion medium, and at least two kinds of thermoreversible gelling agents.

Abstract: A recording medium includes a first substrate; a second substrate; and an image recording layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the image recording layer has insulating properties and multiple cells or microcapsules, each of which encapsulates at least one of electrophoresis particles or magnetophoresis particles, a dispersion medium, and a thermoreversible gelling agent, wherein at least one of the first substrate or the second substrate contains fillers.

Abstract: To provide a recording medium, which contains: a first base; a second base; and an image recording layer disposed between the first base and the second base, wherein the image recording layer has insulating properties, and the image recording layer contains a plurality of microcapsules or cells, each of which encapsulates: electrophoretic particles, or magnetophoretic particles, or a combination thereof; a dispersion medium having a boiling point of 50° C. or higher; and a thermoreversible gelling agent containing an amide bond (—NHCO—) in a molecule thereof.

Abstract: A recording medium includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and an image recording layer with insulating properties, provided between the first substrate and the second substrate. The image recording layer includes cells each encapsulating at least one of electrophoretic particles or magnetophoretic particles having two or more colors, a dispersion medium, and a thermoreversible gelling agent. At least one of the sol transition temperature or the gel transition temperature of the dispersion medium in each cell is different depending on the combination of the two or more colors of the at least one of the electrophoretic particles or magnetophoretic particles in each cell.

Abstract: A toner including a binder resin having a glass transition temperature (Tg) observed at least at one point from 25 to 65° C. in a differential scanning calorimeter at a rate of temperature increase of 5° C./min, wherein the toner has a structure in which a structure appearing as a high phase difference image is dispersed in a structure appearing as a low phase difference image in a two-dimensional phase difference image observed by tapping mode AFM, and an X-ray diffraction chart in which a peak originated from an crystalline resin is observed in a range of a diffraction angle 2? of from 20 to 25°, and wherein a ratio (I1/I2) of an intensity of the peak originated from an crystalline resin to an intensity (I2) of a halo originated from an amorphous composition is from 0.2 to 1.

Abstract: The toner includes a pigment; and a block copolymer having a polyester block A including a residual group of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, and a polyester block B including an anionic group. When cross-section of the block copolymer is observed by a tapping mode atomic force microscope to obtain a phase image of the cross-section, the polyester block B, which has relatively large phase delay, is dispersed as domains having an average size of from 20 nm to 100 nm in a domain of the polyester block A, which has relatively small phase delay. The block copolymer has a first glass transition temperature of from ?20° C. to 20° C., and a second glass transition temperature of from 35° C. to 65° C. when the first and second glass transition temperatures are determined from a thermogram obtained by subjecting the block copolymer to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at a temperature rising speed of 5° C./min.

Abstract: A recording medium includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and an image recording layer with insulating properties provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, the image recording layer containing cells each encapsulating at least one of electrophoretic particles or magnetophoretic particles, a dispersion medium, and at least two kinds of thermoreversible gelling agents.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner including: a binder resin, wherein the binder resin has one glass transition temperature Tg and the glass transition temperature Tg of the binder resin is within 25° C. to 65° C. as measured in second heating with a differential scanning calorimeter at a heating rate of 5° C./min, and wherein a phase image of the binder resin obtained with an atomic force microscope (AFM) of tapping mode contains first phase difference regions and a second phase difference region such that the first phase difference regions are dispersed in the second phase difference region, where the first phase difference regions correspond to greater phase difference regions and the second phase difference region corresponds to a smaller phase difference region when an intermediate value between a maximum value and a minimum value of the phase differences is used as a threshold.

Abstract: A toner including a resin particle (C) is provided. The resin particle (C) includes a resin particle (B) and; a resin particle (A) or covering layer (P) that is adhered to a surface of the resin particle (B). The resin particle (B) includes a resin (b) having a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid skeleton. The resin particle (A) or covering layer (P) includes a resin (a). The resin (a) is a polyester resin having a polybasic acid unit and a polyol unit and has a weight average molecular weight within a range from 9,500 to 100,000.

Abstract: A recording medium includes a first substrate; a second substrate; and an image recording layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the image recording layer has insulating properties and multiple cells or microcapsules, each of which encapsulates at least one of electrophoresis particles or magnetophoresis particles, a dispersion medium, and a thermoreversible gelling agent, wherein at least one of the first substrate or the second substrate contains fillers.

Abstract: A developer, including a toner including a binder resin comprising a crystalline resin; and a colorant, and a resin carrier comprising a resin; a magnetic particulate material having a magnetic anisotropy, dispersed in the resin, and having a saturated magnetization of from 16 to 30 emu/g, a coercive force of from 15 to 40 kA/m and an average particle diameter not less than 15 ?m and less than 100 ?m.

Abstract: To provide a toner, including: a crystalline binder resin including a urethane bond or a urea bond, or both thereof; and a colorant, wherein the colorant has a number-average particle diameter of 0.5 ?m or less, and a ratio of particles having a particle diameter of 0.7 ?m or greater in a number-size distribution of the colorant is 5% by number or less.

Abstract: A toner including a resin particle (C) is provided. The resin particle (C) includes a resin particle (B) and a resin particle (A). The resin particle (B) includes a resin (b). The resin particle (A) or covering layer (P) includes a resin (a). The resin particle (A) or covering layer (P) is adhered to a surface of the resin particle (B). The resin (a) is a polyester resin. The resin (a) has a total acid value of 15 to 36 mgKOH/g. The resin particle (A) or covering layer (P) has a surface acid value of 10 to 27 mgKOH/g.

Abstract: A toner includes a coloring agent, a binder resin comprising a crystalline resin having a urethane skeleton and/or urea skeleton, and a releasing agent (a microcrystalline wax). A development agent, a process cartridge, and an image forming apparatus employ the toner to form images on recording media electrophotographically.

Abstract: To provide a pellicle having a an adhesive, wherein adhesive residue is decreased at the time of peeling the pellicle from a mask after lithographic exposure and outgassing from the adhesive is suppressed The pellicle according to the present invention is a pellicle comprising a pellicle frame, a tensioned pellicle film placed on one end surface of the pellicle frame and an adhesive applied to the other end surface thereof, in which the adhesive contains a (meth)acrylic alkyl ester copolymer and a silane compound, and the (meth)acrylic alkyl ester copolymer is a copolymer of a (meth)acrylic alkyl ester having an alkyl group of 4 to 14 carbon atoms and a monomer having a functional group reactive to at least either one of an isocyanate group or an epoxy group.

Abstract: To provide a toner including at least a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the binder resin has two glass transition temperatures Tg1 and Tg2 in a differential scanning calorimetry at a heating speed of 5° C./min, the glass transition temperature Tg1 is ?20° C. to 20° C., and the glass transition temperature Tg2 is 35° C. to 65° C., wherein the binder resin comprises a polyester skeleton and a ring-containing skeleton molecule at ends thereof, and wherein the binder resin is obtained by block copolymerization of: a polyester skeleton A which includes a structural unit obtained by dehydration condensation of a hydroxycarboxylic acid in a repeating structure; and a skeleton B which does not include a structural unit obtained by dehydration condensation of a hydroxycarboxylic acid in a repeating structure.

Abstract: A toner including a colorant and a first binder resin is provided. The first binder resin has first and second glass transition points at a temperature Tg1 of ?20 to 20° C. and a temperature Tg2 of 35 to 65° C., respectively, measured by a differential scanning calorimeter at a heating rate of 5° C./min. A ratio h1/h2 of a baseline displacement h1 observed in the first glass transition point to a baseline displacement h2 observed in the second glass transition point is less than 1.0. The first binder resin has a structure in which a first phase is dispersed in a second phase. The first and second phases consist of portions having larger and smaller phase difference values, respectively, than an intermediate value between maximum and minimum phase difference values in a binarized phase image obtained by an atomic force microscope with a tapping mode method.

Abstract: A toner including: a first binder resin; a colorant; a releasing agent; and a crystalline organic compound, wherein the first binder resin contains an amorphous polyester resin (a) having a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid skeleton derived from optically active monomers in a part of a main chain of the amorphous polyester resin, and the polyhydroxycarboxylic acid skeleton has an optical purity X, calculated on the monomer basis, of 80% or less, and the optical purity X is determined from the equation, Optical Purity X (%)=|X(L-form)?X(D-form)| wherein the crystalline organic compound is any one of a crystalline polyester resin (b) and a crystalline low molecular compound having a melting point of 60° C. to 100° C., and being selected from a group consisting of fatty acid having 16 to 24 carbon atoms, alcohol having 16 to 24 carbon atoms, a fatty acid ester compound, and aliphatic carboxylic acid amide.

Abstract: A toner containing a binder resin comprising a first binder resin A and a second binder resin B, a coloring agent, and a releasing agent, wherein the first binder resin A is formed by reacting a compound A1 having an active hydrogen group with a resin A2 having a portion reactive with the compound A1 in an organic solvent and the resin A2 is formed by reacting a non-crystalline polyester resin “a” having a polyhydroxy carboxylic acid skeleton in the main chain with a compound having the portion reactive with the compound A1 having an active hydrogen group.

Abstract: A toner including a core particle and projections at a surface of the core particle is provided. The core particle includes a binder resin and a colorant. The binder resin includes a crystalline resin as a major component. Each of the projections consists of a fine resin particle. An average length of long sides of the projections is not less than 0.15 ?m and less than 0.5 ?m. A standard deviation of lengths of the long sides of the projections is 0.2 or less. A surface coverage of the toner with the projections is within a range of 30 to 90%.