Abstract: Carbon monoxide and carbonyl sulfide emissions are reduced in manufacturing processes, including titanium tetrachloride production processes. Gas is contacted with CO, COS, and an oxygen-containing gas with a suitable catalyst. The catalyst may be a metal oxide catalyst containing bismuth, cobalt and nickel, a xerogel or aerogel catalyst containing Au, Rh, Ru and Co in aluminum oxide/oxyhydroxide matrices, or a supported metal catalyst that contains at least one metal from the group Pd, Rh, Ru and Cu. In the latter case, the catalyst support is contains alumina or carbon. A catalyst composite of Au, Rh, Ru and Cr, and cerium oxide and lanthanum oxide may also be used.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide and carbonyl sulfide emissions are reduced in manufacturing processes, including titanium tetrachloride production processes. Gas is contacted with CO, COS, and an oxygen-containing gas with a suitable catalyst. The catalyst may be a metal oxide catalyst containing bismuth, cobalt and nickel, a xerogel or aerogel catalyst containing Au, Rh, Ru and Co in aluminum oxide/oxyhydroxide matrices, or a supported metal catalyst that contains at least one metal from the group Pd, Rh, Ru and Cu. In the latter case, the catalyst support is contains alumina or carbon. A catalyst composite of Au, Rh, Ru and Cr, and cerium oxide and lanthanum oxide may also be used.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a process for making &agr;-methylene-&ggr;-butyrolactone by acid-catalyzed rearrangement of tetrahydro-3-furoic acid. In a further embodiment, when tetrahydro-3-furoic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and an acid catalyst, &agr;-acetoxymethyl-&ggr;-butyrolactone is produced in high yield. Under basic conditions, &agr;-acetoxymethyl-&ggr;-butyrolactone can readily form&agr;-methylene-&ggr;-butyrolactone by the elimination of acetic acid. These reactions provide &agr;-methylene-&ggr;-butyrolactone by novel routes which do not require butyrolactone or formaldehyde.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for the addition of formaldehyde to the &agr; carbon atom of lactones for the production of &agr;-methylenelactones, and specifically &agr;-methylene-&ggr;-butyrolactone.

Abstract: Complexes of platinum and palladium contaning organotin ligands are useful as catalysts in dimerizng butadiene. Exemplary in trns-chloro(triphenoxytin)bis(triethylphosphine)platinum(II) of the formula PtCl(P(C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.3).sub.2 Sn-(OC.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.3.