Abstract: Edge gated injection molding apparatus wherein each heated nozzle has the combination of a circular sealing ring extending around it and several gate inserts, each extending radially outward from the nozzle in alignment with a gate. The sealing ring bridges an insulative air space between the heated nozzle and the surrounding wall of a well in the cooled mold to provide a sealed portion of the space around the gate inserts. The outer end of each gate insert is spaced a predetermined distance "D" from the wall of the well in which the nozzle is seated to form an opening therebetween. The opening is large enough to allow pressurized melt to flow outwardly therethrough into the sealed front portion of the space between the nozzle and the surrounding wall of the well and small enough to prevent the partially solidified melt in the sealed front portion of the space being sucked back into the melt stream during subsequent injection cycles.

Abstract: Improved methods, apparatus, and compositions for achieving superconductivity are disclosed. The methods and apparatus are based upon applying an external driving force, i.e., either an electrical current or a magnetic field, at a predetermined frequency. The predetermined frequency is chosen to equal one or more of the resonant frequencies of the molecular vibration of the atoms which provide conductivity to the material. The compositions of the invention require a continuous bridge or network of electrically compatible atoms between the opposite poles of the electrical pathway. Another aspect of the invention provides a method for determining the resonant frequency of molecular vibration, i.e., the frequency at which the external driving force should be applied. In this aspect of the invention, the composition is exposed to one or more sources of electromagnetic energy which radiate at known frequencies. The response of the composition to the various frequencies of radiation is measured and compared.