Abstract: Colloidal coal-in-water slurries having nano-particles of coal creating a pseudo-fluid. The colloidal coal-in-water slurry generally includes from about fifty to about seventy two weight percent of coal, with about 20 to about 80 percent of the coal having a particle size of about one micron or less with a mode particle size of about 250 nanometers. The coal-in-water slurry can also include a surfactant system containing one surfactant or mixtures of two or more surfactants, or mixtures of one or more surfactants and an inorganic or organic salt. The coal-in-water slurry can be used in low NOx burner applications as the main fuel and/or the reburn fuel, in gasification processes as the input fuel either alone, or in combination with organic materials, in gas turbine applications, and in diesel engine applications.

Abstract: Colloidal coal-in-water slurries having nano-particles of coal creating a pseudo-fluid. The colloidal coal-in-water slurry generally includes from about fifty to about seventy two weight percent of coal, with about 20 to about 80 percent of the coal having a particle size of about one micron or less with a mode particle size of about 250 nanometers. The coal-in-water slurry can also include a surfactant system containing one surfactant or mixtures of two or more surfactants, or mixtures of one or more surfactants and an inorganic or organic salt. The coal-in-water slurry can be used in low NOx burner applications as the main fuel and/or the reburn fuel, in gasification processes as the input fuel either alone, or in combination with organic materials, in gas turbine applications, and in diesel engine applications.

Abstract: Colloidal coal-in-water slurries having nano-particles of coal creating a pseudo-fluid. The colloidal coal-in-water slurry generally includes from about fifty to about seventy two weight percent of coal, with about 20 to about 80 percent of the coal having a particle size of about one micron or less with a mode particle size of about 250 nanometers. The coal-in-water slurry can also include a surfactant system containing one surfactant or mixtures of two or more surfactants, or mixtures of one or more surfactants and an inorganic or organic salt. The coal-in-water slurry can be used in low NOx burner applications as the main fuel and/or the reburn fuel, in gasification processes as the input fuel either alone, or in combination with organic materials, in gas turbine applications, and in diesel engine applications.

Abstract: Colloidal coal-in-water slurries having nano-particles of coal creating a pseudo-fluid. The colloidal coal-in-water slurry generally includes from about fifty to about seventy two weight percent of coal, with about 20 to about 80 percent of the coal having a particle size of about one micron or less with a mode particle size of about 250 nanometers. The coal-in-water slurry can also include a surfactant system containing one surfactant or mixtures of two or more surfactants, or mixtures of one or more surfactants and an inorganic or organic salt. The coal-in-water slurry can be used in low NOx burner applications as the main fuel and/or the reburn fuel, in gasification processes as the input fuel either alone, or in combination with organic materials, in gas turbine applications, and in diesel engine applications.

Abstract: Colloidal coal-in-water slurries having nano-particles of coal creating a pseudo-fluid. The colloidal coal-in-water slurry generally includes from about fifty to about seventy two weight percent of coal, with about 20 to about 80 percent of the coal having a particle size of about one micron or less with a mode particle size of about 250 nanometers. The coal-in-water slurry can also include a surfactant system containing one surfactant or mixtures of two or more surfactants, or mixtures of one or more surfactants and an inorganic or organic salt. The coal-in-water slurry can be used in low NOx burner applications as the main fuel and/or the reburn fuel, in gasification processes as the input fuel either alone, or in combination with organic materials, in gas turbine applications, and in diesel engine applications.

Abstract: Colloidal coal-in-water slurries having nano-particles of coal creating a pseudo-fluid. The colloidal coal-in-water slurry generally includes from about fifty to about seventy two weight percent of coal, with about 20 to about 80 percent of the coal having a particle size of about one micron or less with a mode particle size of about 250 nanometers. The coal-in-water slurry can also include a surfactant system containing one surfactant or mixtures of two or more surfactants, or mixtures of one or more surfactants and an inorganic or organic salt. The coal-in-water slurry can be used in low NOx burner applications as the main fuel and/or the reburn fuel, in gasification processes as the input fuel either alone, or in combination with organic materials, in gas turbine applications, and in diesel engine applications.

Abstract: Colloidal coal-in-water slurries having nano-particles of coal creating a pseudo-fluid. The colloidal coal-in-water slurry generally includes from about fifty to about seventy two weight percent of coal, with about 20 to about 80 percent of the coal having a particle size of about one micron or less with a mode particle size of about 250 nanometers. The coal-in-water slurry can also include a surfactant system containing one surfactant or mixtures of two or more surfactants, or mixtures of one or more surfactants and an inorganic or organic salt. The coal-in-water slurry can be used in low NOx burner applications as the main fuel and/or the reburn fuel, in gasification processes as the input fuel either alone, or in combination with organic materials, in gas turbine applications, and in diesel engine applications.

Abstract: An apparatus for characterizing dynamic stability of an emulsion includes a test vessel, a gap within the test vessel defined between a stationary surface and a moving surface; and an inlet for feeding an emulsion through the gap within the test vessel, whereby dynamic stability of the emulsion can be characterized based upon cycles of flow through the test vessel. Methods for characterizing dynamic stability are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for transporting deaerated bitumen froth in a pipeline is described which comprises injecting water into the pipeline prior to deaerated bitumen froth injection to wet the interior walls of the pipeline. The deaerated bitumen froth is then injected into the pipeline at a critical velocity above 0.3 m/sec thereby initiating self-lubricating core-annular flow of the bitumen froth.

Abstract: A process for suppressing foam formation in a bubble column reactor includes the steps of feeding a liquid and a gas to a reactor at a liquid velocity and a gas velocity respectively; and adding particles of a solid material to the liquid, wherein the particles are wettable by the liquid, and whereby foam formation in the reactor is suppressed

Abstract: A process for suppressing foam formation in a vessel includes the steps of feeding a liquid and a gas to a vessel at a liquid velocity and a gas velocity respectively; adding particles of a solid material to the liquid, the particles having a particle size and particle density; and selecting at least one of the liquid velocity, particle size and particle density so as to fluidize the particles in the liquid, whereby foam formation in the vessel is suppressed. The particles are preferably liquid phase phobic particles.

Abstract: The present invention comprises method of measuring a parameter of a multiphase flow of a fluid and apparatus therefore. The apparatus comprises a buffer chamber apparatus that is operably fluidly coupled to a pipe bearing a fluid comprised of components of different densities. The buffer chamber apparatus has structure that defines a substantially fluid tight chamber that is in flow communication with the fluid borne in the pipe. One or more ports are defined in the chamber structure whereby the fluid in the chamber may be selectively accessed for sensing a parameter of the fluid. The fluid in the chamber resides in a substantially stable state promoting the separation of the different density components of the fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining the effect of the configuration of an outer surface of an object on the drag of the object. The apparatus comprises a housing, an inner block suspended in the housing, a motor for rotating the housing, and a torquemeter. The inner block is connected to the torquemeter by a suspending rod and universal joint. The method comprises attaching a layer of material having a desired surface configuration to the inner block and to the housing, filling the housing with a fluid, and driving the motor so that the housing is rotated. The magnitude of the torque on the inner block is then measured by the torquemeter. The rate of rotation of the housing and the temperature of the water are monitored.

Abstract: A spinning drop tensioextensiometer provides for the ability to rotate a tube carrying two different polymers, under conditions which keeps the polymers melted, and which causes the less dense polymer to form a drop of a generally cigar shape. By measuring the diameter of the drop at desired angular velocities upper and lower bounds for interfacial tension can be determined. Further, these bounds define relaxation curves for the extensional relaxation of a blend of two polymers. The polymers are placed in a glass tube that is rotated at high speed within an oven that has an opening through which the diameter of the inner polymer drop can be measured utilizing optical equipment, such as a video camera projecting an image onto a monitor.

Abstract: A transparent cylinder is filled with two liquids of different densities and is sealed at both ends. A rod, having a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder is mounted on the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. The filled cylinder is mounted horizontally between two end supports and rotated about the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. The less dense liquid will form around the rod at an appropriate speed, and when steady state equilibrium is achieved by the liquids inside the cylinder, the diameter of the less dense liquid and the rotational speed of the cylinders are measured.

Abstract: A wave speed meter comprises a pair of relatively rotatable, concentric cylinders with a gap between the cylinders to define a chamber. A viscoelastic fluid is placed in the chamber, and one of the cylinders is suddenly rotationally displaced causing a shear induced wave to be propagated through the fluid filling the chamber between the cylinders. This wave is propagated toward the other cylinder and when the wave reaches the other cylinder the other cylinder moves. The transit time of the wave is determined by measuring the time between the displacement of the one cylinder and movement of the other cylinder as a result of the wave. The distance that the wave travels is known, so that the wave speed can be determined.