Abstract: A fluid management system provided on a housing of an electrical device includes a shelf that covers over electrical connections projecting from the housing and includes an annular flange and an annular diverging portion of the housing exterior surface that direct liquid by gravitation away from the electrical connectors projecting from the housing and away from the vent openings of the housing.

Abstract: Spent acid contaminated with metal salts in a hot solution removed from a metal pickling bath is directed to one side of an anionic membrane to separate acid ions from the metal salt solution by diffusion dialysis through the membrane. Most of the metal salts in the remaining low acidity mother liquor are crystallized by refrigerating the mother liquor. The crystals are dewatered (in a centrifuge, for example) to produce a commercially viable noncorrosive byproduct, and the substantially decontaminated mother liquor is directed to the opposite side of the diffusion membrane, where it receives the acid ions diffusing through the membrane, and is then recycled to the pickling bath. Heat interchange between the hot spent acid solution and the recycled acid lowers the temperature of the spent acid to an optimum value for dialysis while raising the temperature of the recycled acid to close to the bath temperature.

Abstract: A system for removing acid from a metal-rich acid stream by diffusion dialysis. The acid stream is contacted with a water stream through an ion exchange membrane, in a series, counter-current flow contactor. The contactor is formed of a stack of layers of ion exchange membranes and impervious separators with flow-control apertures. The stack includes switch-back spacers which cause the flow to switch direction.