Abstract: Method of producing an activated clostridial neurotoxin. Composition comprising an activated clostridial neurotoxin. Method of treatment using a composition comprising an activated clostridial neurotoxin.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, cells and kits suitable for recombinant production of di-chain clostridial neurotoxins, which avoid the requirement of an activation step, as well as di-chain clostridial neurotoxins thereby obtained which are suitable for use in therapy.

Abstract: Chimeric clostridial neurotoxins in which the activation loop has been replaced by an activation loop from a different subtype within the same serotype. Methods of producing, activating, and using such neurotoxins. Compositions comprising such neurotoxins. Polynucleotides, vectors and cells for expressing such neurotoxins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing activated clostridial neurotoxins that are essentially free of unactivated products, to compositions comprising such and to their use in therapy.

Abstract: The invention relates to recombinant clostridial neurotoxins which have been modified to improve their activation. In particular, the present invention relates to chimeric clostridial neurotoxins in which the activation loop has been replaced by the activation loop from a different subtype within the same serotype. The present invention also relates to methods of producing such chimeric clostridial neurotoxins and methods of activating such modified clostridial neurotoxins, as well as polynucleotides, vectors and cells expressing such chimeric clostridial neurotoxins, compositions comprising such chimeric clostridial neurotoxins and uses thereof.

Abstract: A multifilar helix antenna includes helical antenna filaments, each filament having a square waveform pattern along its length, resulting in reduced axial length. A multifilar helix antenna according to the invention includes helical antenna filaments, each filament incorporating a microstrip spur-line band stop filter enabling multi-band operation.

Abstract: A multifilar helix antenna comprises a plurality of helical antenna filaments each having a square waveform pattern along its length, giving reduced axial length. Also described is a multifilar helix antenna comprising a plurality of helical antenna filaments each incorporating a microstrip spur-line band stop filter for enabling multi-band operation.