Abstract: Provided herein are compounds according to Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, and R7 are defined herein. Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) as well as the use of such compounds as M4 receptor agonists.

Abstract: An external bone distractor (1) having a threaded curvilinear rod (4) including several diametrical flat sections (7,8) with the thread (9) of the rod (4) continuing along longitudinal lines. At least a pair of carriages (2) are engaged on the rod and solidly connected to spindle supports (3). Guide members (10, 13) cooperate with the flat sections for preventing rotation of each of the carriages about the axis of the rod. Adjusting devices (14, 15) position each of the carriages along the length of the rod. The curvilinear rod (4) provides for use of the distractor in reconstruction of curved bone segments, such as in the jaw, face and skull.

Abstract: An injectable medicinal preparation is including ethanol and at least one at least partially X-ray opaque, fat-soluble compound, characterized in that it further comprises an ethanol-soluble compound which, when dissolved, has a viscosity ranging from 10 to 700 cP and preferably from 90 to 350 cP at 25° C., so as to provide an embolizing effect-inducing gel, and, in that the ethanol has a purity ranging from 70 to 99% vol., preferably from 90 to 99% vol., so as to provide a sclerosing effect. The preparation is particularly useful for treating venous malformations such as venous angiomas.

Abstract: This invention relates to an injectable medicinal preparation comprising ethanol and at least one at least partially X-ray opaque, fat-soluble compound, characterized in that it further comprises an ethanol-soluble compound which, when dissolved, has a viscosity ranging from 10 to 700 cP and preferably from 90 to 350 cP at 25° C., so as to provide an embolizing effect-inducing gel, and, in that the ethanol has a purity ranging from 70 to 99% vol., preferably from 90 to 99% vol., so as to provide a sclerosing effect. The invention is particularly useful for treating venous malformations such as venous angiomas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing and forming parts of spheroidal graphite cast iron having high-grade mechanical characteristics. The method comprises the following steps: a) preparing a mixture in the liquid state comprising by weight: 3% to 4% C; 1.7% to 3% Si; 0.1% to 0.7% Mn; 0 to 4% Ni; 0 to 1.5% Cu; 0 to 0.5% Mo, 0.025% to 0.080% Mg, the balance being iron and impurities resulting from preparation; b) casting the mixture in the liquid state at a temperature of from 1350° C. to 1550° C. into a mold c) extracting a blank of the part from the mold at a temperature between solidus and AR3; d) forming the blank of the part by hot plastic deformation; the forming taking place at a temperature of from 1050° C. and AR3; e) quenching said part directly in the heat of forming at a temperature in the bainitic range, and maintaining said temperature; and f) cooling said part to ambient temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of fabricating spheroidal graphite cast iron parts including a) preparing a mixture in the liquid state having the following composition by weight: 3% to 4% C; 1.7% to 3% Si; 0.1% to 0.7% Mn; 0 to 4% Ni; 0 to 1.5% Cu; 0 to 0.5% Mo; with a residual Mg content adapted to the thickness of the parts and lying in the range 0.025% to 0.080%; the balance being iron and impurities; b) casting this liquid mixture at a temperature in the range 1350° C. to 1550° C. into a mold to obtain a blank; c) extracting the blank from the mold at a temperature between the solidus and AR3, where the solidus and AR3 represent the limit temperatures for the austenitic range of the composition, or at a temperature less than AR3; d) shaping the blank at a temperature in the range 1050° C. to AR3; e) cooling to a temperature lying in the range 260° C. to 420° C. situated in the bainitic range, and maintaining this temperature for 60 min to 180 min, and cooling to ambient temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to an external bone distractor (1) of the type that consists of: a threaded curvilinear rod (4) comprising several diametrical flat sections (7, 8) with the thread (9) of said rod (4) continuing along longitudinal lines; at least two carriages (2) which are engaged on said rod (4) and which are solidly connected to spindle supports (3); guide means (10, 13) which co-operate with said flat sections (7, 8) in order to prevent the rotation of each of the carriages (2) around the axis of the rod (4); and means for adjusting (14, 15) the position of each of the carriages (2) along the length of said rod (4). The inventive external bone distractor is characterised in that the rod (4) thereof is curvilinear in shape. Said distractor is suitable for use in the reconstruction of curved bone segments, particularly in the jaw, face and skull.