Abstract: Organs-on-chips are microfluidic devices for culturing living cells in micrometer sized chambers in order to model physiological functions of tissues and organs. Engineered patterning and continuous fluid flow in these devices has allowed culturing of intestinal cells bearing physiologically relevant features and sustained exposure to bacteria while maintaining cellular viability, thereby allowing study of inflammatory bowl diseases. However, existing intestinal cells do not possess all physiologically relevant subtypes, do not possess the repertoire of genetic variations, or allow for study of other important cellular actors such as immune cells. Use of iPSC-derived epithelium, including IBD patient-specific cells, allows for superior disease modeling by capturing the multi-faceted nature of the disease.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention discloses a method for adapting educational content. The method comprises generating data for each of a plurality of students, the data pertaining to an aspect of the student's interaction with an educational system; combining the generated data to form a combined data set; analyzing the combined data set to identify clusters, each representing similar students according to a mathematical model; and adapting the educational system to provide a customized learning experience for a particular student based on an identified cluster.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention discloses a method for adapting educational content. The method comprises generating data for each of a plurality of students, the data pertaining to an aspect of the student's interaction with an educational system; combining the generated data to form a combined data set; analyzing the combined data set to identify clusters, each representing similar students according to a mathematical model; and adapting the educational system to provide a customized learning experience for a particular student based on an identified cluster.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention discloses a method for adapting educational content. The method comprises generating data for each of a plurality of students, the data pertaining to an aspect of the student's interaction with an educational system; combining the generated data to form a combined data set; analyzing the combined data set to identify clusters, each representing similar students according to a mathematical model; and adapting the educational system to provide a customized learning experience for a particular student based on an identified cluster.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for teaching math is disclosed. The method comprises generating a number; generating movable items corresponding to the number defining a number of place values for representing the number; graphically marking place value areas corresponding to the place values; allowing a user to move the movable items into the place value areas to represent the number in terms of its place values.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for teaching math is disclosed. The method comprises generating a problem for a user to solve; generating a graphical representation of a number associated with the problem; wherein the graphical representation is selected to facilitate subitizing of the number; and overlaying visual guidance on the graphical representation to guide a user as a means to drawing attention to a learning strategy for solving the problem; receiving and checking a user's input as a solution to the problem; and indicating to the user a correctness of the solution.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for teaching math is disclosed. The method comprises displaying a challenge for a learner to solve; displaying in first area a plurality of moveable pieces; displaying a second area defining a receptacle to which the learner can move the moveable pieces in attempting to solve the challenge; and evaluating the learner's response to the challenge.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for teaching math is disclosed. The method comprises displaying a number line graphic to indicate a relative order between numbers; generating a first problem comprising numbers at least some of which are indicated on the number line graphic; selectively providing guidance for solving the problem; and receiving a user's input as a solution to the first problem.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention disclose a virtual manipulative to facilitate math learning. The virtual manipulative comprises a user interface to progressively form one on more columns to hold partial sums or number decompositions to assist a learner in computing a sum.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method for adapting a lesson. The method comprises for a given learner, forming an expectation of the learner's performance in answering questions of a lesson; adapting the lesson a first time based on the expectation; evaluating the learner's actual performance in answering questions of the adapted lesson; and selectively adapting the lesson a second time if a difference between the expectation and the actual performance is greater than a threshold.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention make it significantly easier for a teacher or other author to create a lesson by allowing them to define a lesson as a state machine. This method is significantly easier for teachers to learn and use and it allows for easy adaptation of classroom lesson plans to lessons in the system. Advantageously, someone with specialized programming knowledge is not required in the lesson creation process.