Abstract: A heater for thermal conduction heating suitable for use in non-vertical heater wells for purposes of soil remediation. The heater includes a rigid bar to position a non-insulated heating element in the casing away from the interior surface of the casing.

Abstract: A heater for thermal conduction heating suitable for use in non-vertical heater wells for purposes of soil remediation. The heater includes a rigid bar to position a non-insulated heating element in the casing away from the interior surface of the casing.

Abstract: The permanganate ion and an alkaline earth metal base of calcium and/or magnesium are distributed into the soil by a means of mechanical mixing to destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater by chemical oxidation. The disclosed method produces a stable, post-treatment, manganese dioxide precipitate that does not adversely effect the ground water with high dissolved manganese concentrations. The permanganate salts may include potassium, magnesium or sodium permanganate, and the preferred alkaline earth metal bases may include calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide. Dolomite quick lime may be used to supply an inexpensive source of the desired calcium and/or magnesium base. The calcium and/or magnesium base may be added before, during or after the addition of the permanganate salt.