Abstract: A nebulizer for a charged aerosol detection (CAD) system is disclosed. The nebulizer is provided with a spray emitter for generating a spray of droplets within a central region of a spray chamber. The central region is separated from an upper region by a horizontally projecting rib, which defines a passageway between the central and upper regions. The major direction of droplet travel within the upper region is substantially reversed with respect to the major direction of droplet travel within the central region. Larger droplets are unable to negotiate the turn from the central to upper regions and impinge on a rear surface of the spray chamber. Removal of larger droplets has the advantageous effect of enabling the detector to sense a smaller range of particle sizes, which establishes a relatively steady electrical current at the detector.

Abstract: A nebulizer for a charged aerosol detection (CAD) system is disclosed. The nebulizer is provided with a spray emitter for generating a spray of droplets within a central region of a spray chamber. The central region is separated from an upper region by a horizontally projecting rib, which defines a passageway between the central and upper regions. The major direction of droplet travel within the upper region is substantially reversed with respect to the major direction of droplet travel within the central region. Larger droplets are unable to negotiate the turn from the central to upper regions and impinge on a rear surface of the spray chamber. Removal of larger droplets has the advantageous effect of enabling the detector to sense a smaller range of particle sizes, which establishes a relatively steady electrical current at the detector.

Abstract: A nebulizer for a charged aerosol detection (CAD) system is disclosed. The nebulizer is provided with a spray emitter for generating a spray of droplets within a central region of a spray chamber. The central region is separated from an upper region by a horizontally projecting rib, which defines a passageway between the central and upper regions. The major direction of droplet travel within the upper region is substantially reversed with respect to the major direction of droplet travel within the central region. Larger droplets are unable to negotiate the turn from the central to upper regions and impinge on a rear surface of the spray chamber. Removal of larger droplets has the advantageous effect of enabling the detector to sense a smaller range of particle sizes, which establishes a relatively steady electrical current at the detector.

Abstract: A nebulizer for a charged aerosol detection (CAD) system is disclosed. The nebulizer is provided with a spray emitter for generating a spray of droplets within a central region of a spray chamber. The central region is separated from an upper region by a horizontally projecting rib, which defines a passageway between the central and upper regions. The major direction of droplet travel within the upper region is substantially reversed with respect to the major direction of droplet travel within the central region. Larger droplets are unable to negotiate the turn from the central to upper regions and impinge on a rear surface of the spray chamber. Removal of larger droplets has the advantageous effect of enabling the detector to sense a smaller range of particle sizes, which establishes a relatively steady electrical current at the detector.

Abstract: Self-contained disposable single-use heat-generating apparatuses and methods for providing heat are disclosed that have adhesive formed on at least a portion thereof. One exemplary apparatus includes a heat-generating pack having a first bag layer defined by a first surface area bonded to a second bag layer defined by a second surface area and creating multiple pouches therebetween. A heat-generating agent is disposed within the pouches and adapted to consume air at a predetermined consumption rate in an exothermic reaction. At least a portion of one of the first surface area and the second surface area comprises an air permeable surface area having a predetermined airflow rate such that the heat-generating agent remains substantially evenly distributed within the pouches.

Abstract: Self-contained disposable single-use heat-generating apparatuses and methods for providing heat are disclosed that have elastic member formed on at least a portion thereof. One exemplary apparatus includes a heat-generating pack having a first bag layer defined by a first surface area bonded to a second bag layer defined by a second surface area and creating one or a multiple pouches therebetween, an elastic member being disposed between at least two pouches. A heat-generating agent is disposed within the pouch(es) and adapted to consume air at a predetermined consumption rate in an exothermic reaction. At least a portion of one of the first surface area and the second surface area comprises an air permeable surface area having a predetermined airflow rate such that the heat-generating agent remains substantially evenly distributed within the pouches.

Abstract: Self-contained disposable single-use heat-generating apparatuses and methods for providing heat are disclosed that have adhesive formed on at least a portion thereof. One exemplary apparatus includes a heat-generating pack having a first bag layer defined by a first surface area bonded to a second bag layer defined by a second surface area and creating one or a multiple pouches therebetween. A heat-generating agent is disposed within the pouch(es) and adapted to consume air at a predetermined consumption rate in an exothermic reaction. At least a portion of one of the first surface area and the second surface area comprises an air permeable surface area having a predetermined airflow rate such that the heat-generating agent remains substantially evenly distributed within the pouches.

Abstract: Self-contained disposable single-use heat generating apparatuses and methods for providing heat are disclosed. One exemplary apparatus includes a heat generating pack having a first bag layer defined by a first surface area bonded to a second bag layer defined by a second surface area and creating multiple pouches therebetween. A heat generating agent is disposed within the pouches and adapted to consume air at a predetermined consumption rate in an exothermic reaction. At least a portion of one of the first surface area and the second surface area comprises an air permeable surface area having a predetermined airflow rate such that the heat generating agent remains substantially evenly distributed within the pouches.

Abstract: Aspects for easing separation of an integrated circuit device during removal of the integrated circuit device from a device package are described. In an exemplary method aspect, the method includes removing underfill material between the integrated circuit device and the device package with an ultrasonic acid wash. The method further includes performing device extraction to remove the integrated circuit device from the device package.

Abstract: Aspects for performing decapsulation of multi-chip devices are presented. One aspect includes removing a top die of the multi-chip device without employing a wet chemical etch and removing residual attach and package materials to expose a bottom die of the multi-chip device. An alternate aspect includes utilizing mechanical polishing and wet chemical etching to remove a top die of the multi-chip device, and exposing a bottom die through chemical decapsulation to allow failure analysis of the bottom die. A Flash memory die as a top die and a static random access memory (SRAM) die as a bottom die are included as a multi-chip device capable of decapsulation through these aspects.

Abstract: A system and method for marking a chip-scale package is disclosed. In one aspect, the chip-scale package includes a semiconductor die. The semiconductor die has an exposed portion substantially surrounded by the first coating. In this aspect, the method and system include applying a second coating to a first portion of the first coating and marking the second coating. The first coating is not completely penetrated by the marking. In a second aspect, the method and system include providing a chip-scale package. In this aspect, the method and system comprise providing a substrate, providing a semiconductor die coupled to a substrate, and providing a first coating. The semiconductor die has an exposed portion. The exposed portion is substantially surrounded by the first coating. In this aspect, the method and system further include providing a second coating substantially covering a first portion of the first coating. The second coating has a plurality of markings therein.

Abstract: Aspects for exposing local areas for desired nodes in a multi-layer integrated circuit from the backside are described. In an exemplary method aspect, the method includes removing a predetermined portion of a first backside layer, opening chosen local areas with focused ion beam etching through at least the first backside layer, and exposing a desired node in a metal layer lower than the first backside layer with reactive ion etching. The method further includes removing the predetermined portion by performing reactive ion etching to a predetermined stop point. Alternatively, the first backside layer is mechanically polished to a predetermined thickness. Additionally, the method includes utilizing a high current ion beam during the focused ion beam etching.