Abstract: According to an embodiment there is provided a method of developing catalysts that are able to reduce the levels of tars in the syngas by reforming. One embodiment develops a co-catalyst, char supported nickel catalyst, for syngas conditioning. Biomass-derived char does not only serve as a support, but also plays a role in catalyzing the reactions. Biomass-derived char is a byproduct of biomass thermo-conversion process. In one variation, hydrazine was used to reduce supported Ni2 into Ni0. Compared with the traditional method of reducing nickel with hydrogen flow, this reduction method increases nickel dispersion rate and reduces nickel particle size.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein an embodiment of the invention that comprises a formulation of peanut butter, transglutaminase (TG), and other functional ingredients formulated and manufactured in such a way as to create a product that is capable of being formed into an individually-wrapped slice of a segment (square or other shape) with the appearance and sensory characteristics of traditional peanut butter. Specifically, the functional ingredients may include peanut butter, transglutaminase, mono- and diglycerides, and gum. Vegetable protein concentrate may also be added as well as water, sugar, vegetable fat, and peanut flour.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein an embodiment of the invention that comprises a formulation of peanut butter, transglutaminase (TG), and other functional ingredients formulated and manufactured in such a way as to create a product that is capable of being formed into an individually-wrapped slice of a segment (square or other shape) with the appearance and sensory characteristics of traditional peanut butter. Specifically, the functional ingredients may include peanut butter, transglutaminase, mono- and diglycerides, and gum. Vegetable protein concentrate may also be added as well as water, sugar, vegetable fat, and peanut flour.

Abstract: A downdraft gasifier is disclosed. The gasifier includes a biomass section that accepts and stirs raw biomass materials, a pyrolysis and tar cracking section having an inner cylinder for receiving biomass and an outer surrounding cylinder for gases from the biomass, and a char gasification section for receiving biomass and gases from the pyrolysis and tar cracking section. The char gasification section provides a grating and scraper for passing gases and ash and retaining biomass for char gasification on the grate.

Abstract: A downdraft gasifier is disclosed. The gasifier includes a biomass section that accepts and stirs raw biomass materials, a pyrolysis and tar cracking section having an inner cylinder for receiving biomass and an outer surrounding cylinder for gases from the biomass, and a char gasification section for receiving biomass and gases from the pyrolysis and tar cracking section. The char gasification section provides a grating and scraper for passing gases and ash and retaining biomass for char gasification on the grate.

Abstract: A downdraft gasifier is disclosed. The gasifier has a biomass feeding unit, a combustion chamber, and a separator unit. The biomass feeding unit accepts raw biomass materials and selectively feeds the materials into the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber provides means to induce pyrolysis, tar cracking, and char gasification of the raw biomass materials to produce gases and ash. The separator unit accepts the gases and ash from the combustion chamber and separates the gases from the ash.